Macronutrients, Enzymes, and Digestive System Review

These flashcards cover key concepts related to macronutrients, enzymes, and the digestive system, assisting in the preparation for the exam.

What are the three types of carbohydrates based on their complexity?

Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides.

What is dehydration synthesis?

A process that links molecules together by removing water.

What are the three common disaccharides?

Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose.

What is the main difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Saturated fats contain no double bonds between carbon atoms; unsaturated fats contain one or more double bonds.

What are triglycerides?

Lipids formed from glycerol and three fatty acids, usually used for energy storage.

What is the function of phospholipids?

They form the structural component of cell membranes.

What causes denaturation in proteins?

Changes in temperature, pH, or other physical or chemical factors.

What role do enzymes play in the body?

Enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions, speeding up the process without being consumed.

What are the primary building blocks of proteins?

Amino acids.

Why is cholesterol important?

Cholesterol is essential for cell membrane stability and the synthesis of hormones.

How does the mouth contribute to digestion?

It mechanically mixes food and begins chemical digestion through salivary enzymes.

What is the main function of the small intestine?

It is the primary site for digestion and absorption of nutrients.

How do temperature and pH affect enzyme activity?

Enzymes have optimal temperature and pH levels where their activity is maximized; deviations can lead to decreased activity.

What happens in the stomach during digestion?

Food is churned and mixed with gastric juices to facilitate protein digestion.

What is hydrolysis?

The chemical process of breaking down compounds by the addition of water.

What are the roles of bile in digestion?

Bile aids in the emulsification of fats, making them easier to digest.