Unicellular and Multicellular Organisms

Centrioles

-small, cylindrical structures of microtubules arranged in a specific pattern
-cell division by organizing the spindle fibers that help separate chromosomes
-in animal and plant cells

Chloroplasts

-contain chlorophyll pigments that absorb light energy and convert it into chemical energy through photosynthesis
-in plant cells

Cell Wall

-rigid
-surrounds cell membrane
-structure support and protein to cell
-parallel to the plasma membrane
-in plant cells

Eukaryotic

-located in the nucleus
-organized into chromosomes
-long DNA strand wrapped around histone proteins to form a chromatin structure
-has membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus
-mitosis and meiosis (single parent cell divides into four different daughter cells)
- unicellular or multicellular

Prokaryotic

-in the cytoplasm, in a single, circular chromosome
-long DNA strand containing genetic code for development & functioning of organism
-no membrane-bound organelles or nucleus
-binary fission (single parent cell divides into two identical daughter cells)

Unicellular

-single cell
-highly adaptable
-can do photosynthesis and protein synthesis
-completes ALL functions to maintain life

Multicellular

-millions of cells
each cell has specialized function
-range in size
-in humans they are in tissues, organs, and organ systems responsible for specific functions

Plasma Membrane

-thin, semi-permeable membrane
-surrounds/encloses the cytoplasm of the cell
-regulates substance entry/exit to maintain cellular homeostasis
-in animal and plant cells

Cytoplasm

-gel-like within the cell membrane --> consists of various organic molecules like water
-where most cell-metabolic activities happen
-in animal and plant cells

Nucleus

-in eukaryotic cells
-contains chromosomes of genetic material
-control center
-in animal and plant cell

Mitochondria

-generates energy through cellular respiration by breaking down glucose and other nutrients using oxygen
-in animal and plant cells

Endoplasmic Reticulum

-network of flattened, membrane-bound sacs and tubules in eukaryotic cells
-involved w/protein synthesis, folding, and transport
-in animal and plant cells

Golgi Bodies

-stacks of flattened, membrane-bound sacs that modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids for transport to final destination
-in animal and plant cells

Ribosomes

-small, complex molecular machines
-synthesize proteins within cells by translating the genetic information into a specific sequence of amino acids
-in animal and plants\ cells

Lysosomes

-membrane-bound
-contain hydrolytic enzymes that break down and recycle cellular waste materials
-in animal and plant cells

Flagella

-long, whip-like apendages
-found on surface of some cells
-used for locomotion --> generate a wavelike motion that propels the cell forward or backward through a liquid or over a surface
-in animal and plant cells

Central Vacuole

-long, membrane bound
-stores water, ions, nutrients, and waste products
-structural support to the cell (maintains turgor pressure)
-in plant cells