24/10/23: Development III

Sensitive (Critical) Period Hypothesis

The belief that certain abilities, like language, must be developed by the age of 5, as there is a sensitive period during which they can be learned successfully.

Moral Development

The process of developing beliefs about what is right and wrong.

Laurence Kohlberg

A psychologist who created moral dilemmas to study moral development.

Moral Dilemmas

Stories where individuals make decisions and rationalize them, with their reasoning determining their level of moral reasoning across 6 stages.

Punishment + Obedience

The lowest and most basic stage of moral reasoning, where right or wrong is determined by whether or not one is punished.

Social + Emotional Development

The development of social and emotional skills, often studied through cross-sectional or longitudinal studies.

Cross-Sectional Study

A research method that involves studying groups of people of different ages simultaneously, providing insights into social and emotional development.

Longitudinal Study

A research method that involves studying one group of people over an extended period of time, often more than a year, to observe their development and changes.

Stage 1 of Language Development

Occurring between 2-4 months, this stage involves cooing.

Stage 2 of Language Development

Occurring between 4-6 months, this stage involves babbling, with deaf babies babbling more and stopping at 6 months.

Stage 3 of Language Development

Around 1 year old, this stage involves saying a couple of words.

Stage 4 of Language Development

At 2 years old, this stage involves using 2-word phrases and having a vocabulary of around 200 words.

Stage 5 of Language Development

At 3 years old, this stage involves speaking in full language, demonstrating further language development.