24/10/23: Development III

Vocabulary:

Sensitive (Critical) Period Hypothesis - belief that certain abilities (language; must be developed by 5 yrs old) have a sensitive period where you can learn them; if you miss the period you cannot learn the skill successfully

Moral Development - development of beliefs of right and wrong

Laurence Kohlberg - created moral dilemmas to study moral development

Moral Dilemmas - stories where you make a decision and rationalize it; your reasoning determines your level of moral reasoning (6 stages)

Punishment + Obedience - lowest/most basic stage of moral reasoning; right or wrong is based on whether or not you are punished

Social + Emotional Development - development socially and emotionally; uses cross-sectional or longitudinal studies

Cross-Sectional Study - least time-consuming, studying groups of people of different ages simultaneously

Longitudinal Study - takes a long time (+1yr); studying one group of people as they age and develop

Notes:

• Stages of Language Development

  • Stage 1 - 2-4 months, cooing

  • Stage 2 - 4-6 months, babbling; deaf babies babble more + stop at 6 months

  • Stage 3 - 1 yr old, saying a couple of words

  • Stage 4 - 2 yrs old, 2-word phrases + 200-word vocabulary

  • Stage 5 - 3 yrs old, speaking in full language