Lecture Notes on Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and concepts related to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and its implications for population genetics.

Equilibrium

A state where allele frequencies do not change from one generation to the next.

Allele Frequency

The relative frequency of an allele at a genetic locus in a population.

Punnett Square

A diagram used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations in a genetic cross.

Luck Free Results

Results from a simulation where no random events or selection pressure influences the outcomes.

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

The condition describing a non-evolving population where allele frequencies remain constant.

p and q

The frequencies of two alleles in a population; they must add up to 1.

Homozygous

An organism possessing two identical alleles for a given gene.

Heterozygous

An organism possessing two different alleles for a given gene.

Gene Flow

The transfer of alleles or genes from one population to another.

Genetic Drift

A change in allele frequencies in a population due to random sampling of organisms.

Founder Effect

Genetic drift that occurs when a small group of individuals establishes a new population.

Bottleneck Effect

A sharp reduction in population size due to environmental events or human activities.

Mutation

A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to new alleles.

Null Hypothesis

A theory that suggests no significant difference exists between specific populations or datasets.

Natural Selection

The process through which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

Codominance

A genetic scenario where neither allele masks the other, resulting in both traits being expressed in the phenotype.