Coordination definitions

Coordination

Peripheral and Central systems work together for coordination of movement.

Strategy

Neocortex and basal ganglia.

Tactics

Cerebellum and motor cortex.

Execution

Brainstem and spinal cord.

Asthenia

Generalized muscle weakness.

Asynergia

Loss of ability to associate muscles together for complex movements.

Delayed reaction time

Increased time required to initiate voluntary movement.

Dysarthria

Disorder of the motor component of speech articulation.

Dysdiadochokinesia

Impaired ability to perform rapid alternating movements.

Dyssynergia

Movement performed in a sequence of component parts rather than as a single, smooth activity; decomposition.

Gait disorders

Ataxic pattern; broad base of support, postural instability; high-guard position of UEs.

Hypotonia

Decrease in muscle tone.

Hypermetria

Overestimation of distance or range needed to accomplish a movement.

Hypometria

Underestimation of distance or range needed to accomplish a movement.

Nystagmus

Rhythmic, quick, oscillatory, back-and-forth movements of the eyes.

Rebound phenomenon

Inability to halt forceful movements after resistive stimulus removed; patient unable to stop sudden limb motion.

Tremor

Involuntary oscillatory movement resulting from alternate contractions of opposing muscle groups.

Intention tremor

During voluntary movement, increases as the limb nears target, diminishes or absent at rest.

Postural tremor

During standing posture or of a limb held against gravity.

Titubation

Rhythmic oscillations of the head; axial involvement of the trunk.

Akinesia

Inability to initiate movement; associated with fixed postures.

Athetosis

Slow, involuntary, writhing, twisting, 'wormlike' movements; frequently greater involvement in distal UEs.

Bradykinesia

Decreased amplitude and velocity of voluntary movement.

Chorea

Involuntary, rapid, irregular, jerky movements involving multiple joints; most apparent in UEs.

Choreoathetosis

Movement disorders with features of both chorea and athetosis.

Dystonia

Sustained involuntary contractions of agonist and antagonist muscles.

Hemiballismus

Large-amplitude sudden, violent, flailing motions of the arm and leg of one side of the body.

Hyperkinesis

Abnormally increased muscle activity or movement.

Hypokinesis

Decreased motor response especially to a specific stimulus.

Rigidity

Increase in muscle tone causing greater resistance to passive movement; greater in flexor muscles.

Tremor (resting)

Involuntary, rhythmic, oscillatory movement observed at rest.

Coordination tests

Consider reciprocal motion, movement composition, movement accuracy, fixation.

Other things to watch in coordination

Sequence, timing, grading, speed distance, direction muscle tension, recruitment, reversal, proximal fixation.