bio 11: Lecture Exam 2

What structure does not contain cartilage

stomach

name 4 example of structures that do contain cartilage

larynx, lung, knee, ear

characteristics of cartilage connective tissue

gel-like ground substance

matrix of protein fibers 

cells called chondrocytes 

avascular 

which is not a function of cartilage 

synthesizes red blood cells 

functions of cartilage

provides support for certain soft tissue

forms gliding surface at articulation

serves as model for bone formation

what is the most abundant type of cartilage in the body

hyaline cartilage

are not abundant types of cartilage

elastic cartilage

fibrocartilage

reticular cartilage 

which type of cartilage is found in invertebral disc

fibrocartilage

which is not a function of bone

hormone synthesis

where does hemopoiesis occur

red bone marrow

A metatarsal bone is an example of a(n)____bone

long

The bones of the wrist are classified as ____ bones 

short 

Example of a sesamoid bone

patella

an example of a flat bone would be

parietal

which region of a growing bone contains the epiphyseal plate

metaphysis

The medullary cavity of a long bone is lined with a thin layer of connective tissue called the 

endosteum 

The periosteum is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers called ____ fibers

perforating

cells that produce new bone tissue by secreting matrix are called

osteroblasts

bone cells called ____ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix

osteoclast 

which is an alternate term for compact bone

cortical bone

In compact bone, the matrix rings that surround the central canal of each osteons are called 

concentric lamellae 

In compact bone, ____ connect adjacent lacunae, thereby providing pathways for nutrients and other materials to pass between osteocyte

canaiculi 

compact bone

is composed of tubular units called osteons

spongy bone

forms diploe in the cranial bones

the formation of bone from a cartilanginous model is termed

endochondral ossification

when bones forms by intramembranous ossification, the ossification centers are within 

mesenchyme 

The steps in the process of intramembanous ossification are

a. formation of lamellar bone 

b. osteoid undergoes calcification 

c. ossification centers form 

d. formation of woven bone and its periosteum 

c - b - d - a

endochondral ossification begins with a(n) ____ model.

hyaline cartilage

The steps in the process of endochondral ossification are
          a: Ossification center forms in the diaphysis
          b: Cartilage calcifies and a bone collar forms
          c: Ossification centers form in the epiphyses
          d: Bone replaces cartilage
          e: Epiphyseal plates ossify
          f: Cartilage model develops
The correct chronological order for these steps is

f-b-a-c-d-e

bone growth in which the bone increases in diameter is called

appositional growth

the epiphysical plates in the ____ are the last ones in the body to ossify

clavicle

growth at the epiphyseal plate is specifically stimulated by

growth hormone, estrogen, and testosterone

The process of bone repair includes these steps:
     a: Fracture hematoma forms
     b: Bone is remodeled
     c: Fibrocartilaginous callus forms
     d: Bony callus forms
The correct chronological order for these steps is

a - c - d - b

the skull consist of ___ cranial bones and ___ facial bones

8; 14

which of these bones is not a part of the axial skeleton

clavicle

what are part of the axial skeleton

mallus, sacrum, atlas, frontal bone

which is not a cranial bone

vomer

the ____ suture is the articulation between the occipital bone and both parietal bones 

lambdoid 

which of these bones does not contribute to the region known as the pterion 

occipital 

The zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the ___ process of the zygomatic bone form the zygomatic arch. 

temporal 

foramina in the skull serve as passageways for blood vessels, nerves, and other structures. Which of these foramina is covered by connective tissue in adults, and therefore does not serve as a passageway. 

foramen lacerum

Which part of the temporal bone includes the internal acoustic meatus

petrous

the portion of the sphenoid bone that houses the pituitary gland is the

sella turcica

which is not a feature of the ethmoid bone

inferior nasal concha

which bone bears the infraorbital foraman

maxilla

What is the function of the cribiform plate?

permits passage of the olfactory nerves

the pterygoid spines and optic canals are feature of the ___ bone

sphenoid

the cranial fossa supports the cerabellum

posterior

The _____ process of the mandible articulates with the temporal bone

condylar

which bone bears the mandibular fossa 

temporal

which of these is not a paranasal sinus

mastoid sinus

what is the location of the auditory ossicles

petrous part of temporal bone

the membranous sheets that connect developing cranial bones are called 

fontanelles 

What is not a function of the vertebral column

passageway for cranial nerves

the vertebral column includes ____cervical, ____ throacic, and ____ lumbar vertebrae 

7; 12; 5 

The ____ provides passageways for spinal nerves to exit the vertebral column and travel to other parts of the body

intervertebral foramina

transverse foramina are found in ___ vertebrae

cervical

the occipital condyles articulate with the

atlas

The cervical vertebra is also known as the vertebra prominens

C7

Which features are found only on the thoracic vertebrae

costal facets and demifacets

the spinal cord terminates at an opening in the sacrum called the

sacral hiatus

the clavicles articulate with the sternum at the ____ notches

clavicular

the superior portion of the sternum is called the

manubrium

how many pairs of ribs are “floating ribs“ that do not articulate with the sternum

2

Which bone does not belong in the appendicular skeleton 

sacrum 

which bone count is not correct

8 tarsals per ankle

The only direct connection between the pectoral girdle and the axial skeleton is where the ____ articulates with the ____

clavicle; sternum

The _____ of the scapula is the point where the medial and the lateral boarders meet. 

inferior angle 

the costal tuberosity is a feature of the

clavicle

which bones articulate with the humerus

scapula, radius, ulna

in anatomic position, the radius lies ___ to the ulna

lateral

excluding the bones of the pectoral girdle, how many bones are in each upper limb

30

which is not a feature of the ulna 

ulnar notch

the biceps brachii muscles attaches to the ___ of the radius

radical tuberosity

which is not among the bones in the proximal row of carpals

trapezoid

a pollex has ____ phalanges

2

which is not a carpal bone

capitulum

what is the total number of phalanges in the normal human body 

56

at what location do the 3 bones of the os coxae fuse

acetabulum

which is not correct regarding the pelvis

in anatomic position, the pubis is posterior and inferior to the ischium

on the os coxae, the ischial ramus is fused to the

inferior public ramus 

the iliac crest extends front the anterior superior iliac spine to the

posterior superior iliac spine

The ____ subdivides the pelvis into the “true pelvis” and the “false pelvis“

pelvic brim 

Which does not contribute to the pelvic brim

gluteal line

Which is not characteristic of the male pelvis

coccyx tilted posteriorly

which is a sesamoid bone

patella

which bones articulate with the femur

os coxae, tibia, patella 

the medial and lateral condyle of the tibia articulate with the 

medial and lateral condyles of the femur 

the head of the fibula articulates with the fibular articular facet on the

lateral condyle of the tibia

the only bones of ankle that articulates with the tibia is the

talus

the expanded distal end of the fibula is called the

lateral malleolus

not counting the sesamoid bones, what is the total number of tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges in a single ankle and foot 

26

which bone does not contribute to the medial longitudinal arch of the foot

cuboid

the prominence on the inferior side of the sternal end of the clavicle is called the

costal tuberosity

which is not correct regarding articulation

all articulations contain some type of cartilage 

the term diarthrosis refers to a joint that is 

freely mobile 

the sagittal suture is a(n)

fibrous joint

the articular capsule is present in

synovial joints

gomphoses

are found only in tooth sockets

in fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by

dense regular connective tissue