Health 2 Chapter 20 Test

Asexual reproduction

A process that requires only one cell and which produces offspring identical to that cell

Cell division

The process by which cells multiply

Dominant

A term used to describe genes that are always expressed in the offspring

Fertilization

The process by which the sperm and ovum combine to create a zygote

Gamete

A sex cells that contains an individual’s genetic material

Inheritance

The transmission of a parent’s characteristics to the offspring

Meiosis

A type of cell division in which a cell splits its own genetic material and then divides into two different cells

Mitosis

A type of cell division in which a cell copies its own genetic material and then divides into two identical cells

Ovum

The female sex cell, which combines with the sperm to create a zygote

Recessive

A term used to describe genes that are not always expressed in the offspring

Sexual reproduction

The process by which the material of genetic organisms-one male and one female-combine to create an offspring

Sperm

The male sex cell, which combines with the ovum to create a zygote

Zygote

An ovum that has been fertilized by a sperm and which contains half of the mother’s genes and half of the father’s genes

Clitoris

An organ filled with erectile tissue and is located above the vaginal opening; swells during excitement

Ejaculation

A process by which muscle contractions expel semen through the urethral opening in the penis

Erectile tissue

A spongy tissue contained in the penis and clitoris that fills with blood during sexual excitement

Fallopian tube

A structure that connects the ovaries to the uterus and guides ova out of the ovaries; uterine tube

Flagellum

A long, whip-like structure on the sperm that propels the sperm through liquid

Menarche

A girl’s first menstrual cycle, which typically occurs between the ages of 10 and 15

Menopause

The end of a woman’s reproductive years, when her ovaries stop releasing ova

Ovary

A female reproductive organ that contains ova and produces the hormones estrogen and progesterone

Ovulation

The release of an ovum from one of the follicles in the ovaries

Prostate

A male reproductive glands that secretes fluid to mix with sperm and create semen

Semen

A substance secreted during ejaculation, which contains sperm and other fluid

Testes

A male reproductive organ that produces sperm and the hormone known as testosterone

Uterus

A hollow organ of the female reproductive system that is lined with endometrial tissue and which houses and nurtures a developing fetus

Vagina

A tube-like structure that extends from the external vaginal opening to the cervix, which leads to the uterus

Vas deferns

A tube in the male reproductive system that carries sperm to the penis

Stores and matures sperm

Epididymis

Seminal vesicle

Produces fluid to combine with the sperm

Cowper’s gland

Lubricates and neutralizes the urethra before ejaculation

Foreskin

A flap of skin that covers the tip of the penis

Prostate gland

A gland that produces fluid for semen and helps with ejaculation