Corrections Final

Management

_____ Refers to one of more persons who have formal control over an organization, or the act of process of operating the organization.

Formal Organization

The ______ is the public face of the organization.

Scientific

In ____ Management, power is concentrated at the top.

Love

Per Maslow, higher-level needs include what?

Y

What Theory Posits that people want to work, they want a say in that work, they want to do interesting things in their work, and to make a difference with their work?

Bureaucracy

A kind of organizational structure most used in corrections that can be distilled down to three elements of structure is known as?

Specialization

what refers to when the sectors of the pyramid below the leader are segmented to concentrate on different aspects of the work, particularly as it becomes more complicated and requires specific skills and abilities?

Closed

Which institutions are separated from their outside environments, and unaffected by those environments, to some extent?

Total Quality Management

Which of the following is an extension of Theory Z?

Organizational Culture

What might be defined as the norms, values, beliefs, history, traditions, and language held and practiced by an organization?

Geared toward men and boys

Because they represent a smaller proportion of the correctional population, programming for women and girls has traditionally been:

Slower

The trajectory of employment for female correctional officers has been ______ than the growth in women and girls under correctional supervision.

probation

The single largest area of growth for women and girls in terms of correctional populations has been in the area of:

Almost the same number of administrative staff as larger male institutions

According to the authors, female institutions, because of economies of scale, require:

better programming for supervised women and girls.

Feminists have been instrumental in pushing for:

60%

Some estimates suggest that as many as ____ of women in custody have experienced sexual abuse prior to incarceration.

Sexual harassment that involves an exchange of something for something else, as in the case of sexual favors

Quid pro quo sexual harassment can be defined as:

Both male and female officers value the service orientation over a security orientation in their work.

Which of the following statements best captures the relationship between gender and correctional work in terms of the underlying ideology that guides correctional officer interaction with inmates?

drug offenses

what type of crime has brought more female offenders to the system.

Larceny

Both black and white women in the United States in the 19th century tended to be incarcerated for property crimes, particulary-

Civil

The juvenile justice system falls under ____ Law.

Skipping school

What is an example of a status offense?

Children and Parents

Parens Patriae gave the state the right to intercede on behalf of:

Judicial Waiver

A ____ involves a juvenile judge deciding after a “full inquiry” that the juvenile should be waived.

Schall v Martin

In which case did the court hold that juveniles can be help in pretrial preventive detention when charged with a delinquent act?

Restorative Justice

Every action that is primarily oriented toward justice by repairing the harm that has been caused by a criminal act is referred to as:

In Re Gault

In which case did the court hold that juveniles are afforded basis constitutional rights when there is a possibility of confinement?

Status Offense

Christopher regularly disobeys his parents and was recently caught smoking and drinking by a police officer. Christopher has committed what offense?

Prior to puberty

Life-course persistence (LCP) offenders begin offending

7

The minimum level of age of criminal responsibility was defined in early English Common law as-

Furman v. Georgia

Which Court case was the first to successfully challenge the use of the death penalty

Gregg v Georgia

Which court case upheld the constitutionality of the use of a bifurcated hearing.

Brutalizing effect

The assumption that rather than deterring homicides, they actually increase following executions is referred to as the -

2%

what percentage of female offenders has been executed in the United States?

14.5 years

If a person is sentenced to death, what is the average time lapse between conviction and execution according to 2010 data?

snitch testomony

If an informant serving time or awaiting sentencing conjures up stories to support a prosecutor’s theory in exchange for some consideration, it is considered -

70 or below

A subaverage level of intellectual functioning is defined as an IQ of -

Washington v harper

which case ruled that in a prison environment, an inmate be involuntarily medicated if the inmate is dangerous to himself or others and the treatment is in the inmate’s medical interest. 

Prosecutorial misconduct

_______ typically involves the withholding of exculpatory evidence.

Atkins v Virginia

Which case overruled itself with regard to executing to executing the mentally disabled?

All forms of corrections

Punitive sentiments have led to an increase in the use of-

Training and pay are sufficient

High Turnover is evident among correctional personnel because -

Russia

What developed nation most closely approximated the United States in terms of its incarceration rate?

Those who do not know their history are likely to repeat it

When looking at our history in corrections, which often cited truism of 20th century philosopher is often used?

Jails

Which correctional population has quadrupled between the 1980s and 2017?

professionalism

As we look toad the future, one concern that should preoccupy those concerned about correctional practice is -

state

Declines in the numbers of persons in prisons and jails and community corrections were generally at the ____ level

New Jersey

What state experienced a discernible trend in declines of incarceration rates over the last decade?

14 times

The United States has an incarceration rate _____ greater than japan’s incarceration rate.

Technology

____ Is the key to moving correctional institutions and programs into the 21st century.