Geography 2

culture

shared beliefs and values, passed down

cultural traits

language, arts, behavior, materials

artifacts

visible objects , tools, toys, houses

sociofacts

structures in society that influence behavior , government

mentifacts

elements of culture that reflect shared ideas

Mentifacts EX.

language, religious belief

popular culture

spreads through tech, not a specific culture

traditional cultures

long established behavior, passed down

traditional cultures EX

amish people

Ethnocentrism

one culture is superior

cultural relativism

understand other cultures from an unbiased POV

Cultural landscapes

landscapes modified by humans, shows cultural beliefs

ethnicity

belonging to a group of people with common cultural characteristics

ethnic neighborhoods

around people you identify with, land within the communities

what is chinatown an example of

ethnic neighborhoods

traditional architecture

established building styles, materials based on location

post modern architecture

diversity in design and public spaces

use of land resources

gathering, hunting, can reflect beliefs

society terms race

difference based on skin color, hair

gendered spaces

designed to accommodate gender roles, expectations

gender identity

a persons innermost concept of self

safe spaces

spaces of acceptance for marginalized people in society

third place

social place for hangouts, develop sense of self

centripetal force

unites a group

centrifugal

divides a group

Ex of cultural Centri forces

language, religion

Ex of political Centri forces

policies, stability

Ex of environmental Centri forces

natural disaster/features

Ex of economic Centri forces

same/ different currency, stability/instability

diffusion

how cultural traits spread from one place to another over time

cultural hearth

location of the source of the trait

relocation diffusion

spread of cultural trait through movement of people

expansion diffusion

aspect of culture spreads outward

what are the subtypes of ED

contagious, hierarchical, stimulus

contagious D

traits spread quickly from person to person,

EX CD

you tell a friend, they tell a friend

Hierarchical D

traits spread from people in power to other classes, also opposite

EX HD

fashion trends

Stimulus D

traits spread, modified to adapt new culture

EX SD

cars, smartphones

historical causes of diffusion

colonialism, conquest, trade, migration

newer causes of diffusion

globalization, urbanization, migration, tech

EX on state

denmark

EX of nation

jewish people

EX. nation state

china

EX. multi state nation

jewish people

multi state nation

members of the nation live in multiple places

stateless nation

nations that live anywhere

EX of stateless nation

kurds

EX autonomous/ semi

Cherokee peoplele

nation

common identity, cultural aspect,

nation state

a nation that belongs to a country where most are

state

country, own government , defined borders

political geography

ways the world is organized as a reflection of power

Multi-national state

country with various ethnicities and cultures

cultural convergence

as cultures interact they become more similar, adopt ideas, traits

language and power

language spoken tells a lot about who was in power, local vs national language

cultural divergence

cultures are less similar due top conflict

universalizing religions

wanting people from all over, membership by all

EX universalizing

Christianity, islam, buddhism

ethnic religion

tied to specific ethnicities, certain regions

EX ethnic religion

hinduism, judaism, animism

christianity

mono, teachings of Jesus, West Bank,

how did christianity spread

relocation and expansion diffusion, missionaries

islam

mono,muhammed, mecca

what is the holy book in islam

quran

Buddhism

teachings of siddartha, India, missionary work

hinduism

poly, not set In beliefs,Brahman, Asia,

Judaism

mono, Israel, Abraham

animism

tribal, inanimate objects,

what is the order of languages?

family, subfamily, group, dialect

lingua franca

common language for trade/ commerce

lingua franca EX.

someone from France and china speak English to converse

English

R.E diffusion, originated in Great Britain

cognate

sound and look the same, similar origin

UN law of the sea

12 nautical miles, territorial

exclusive economic zone (EEZ)

200 nautical miles, for resources

unitary state

central government has authority over whole “state”, Poland, France

federal states

power is broadly spread, federal and national, large, u.s

gerry mandering

draw legislative maps in favor of their party