ANGIELSKI 15.11

commodity

a product or a raw material that can be bought and sold

vessel

a ship or large boat 

all-time high/low

(used when you are comparing things or saying how good or bad something is) of any time

credit crunch

an economic condition in which it suddenly becomes difficult and expensive to borrow money

department store

a large shop that is divided into several parts, each part selling a different type of goods

innate

(of a quality, feeling, etc.) that you are born with

in excess of

more than is necessary, reasonable or acceptable

sprawling

spreading in an untidy way

span

to include a large area or a lot of things

retail

the sale of goods in shops to customers, for their own use

tentacles

the influence that a large place, organization or system has and that is hard to avoid

increasingly

more and more all the time 

take by surprise

to surprise somebody (expression)

intelligentsia

the people in a country or society who are well educated and are interested in culture, politics, literature, etc.

to reveal

to make something known to somebody SYNONYM disclose

inject into

to give money to an organization, a project, etc. so that it can function

put down to

to consider that something is caused by something SYNONYM attribute

property

land and buildings

business acumen

the ability to understand and decide things quickly and well

empire

a very large and important business or organization

bond

an agreement by a government or a company to pay you interest on the money you have lent; a document containing this agreement

saving bonds

a type of bond that is issued and sold by the government, mainly to individuals

ledger

a book or electronic document in which a bank, a business, etc. records the money it has paid and received

track

to record or follow the progress or development of somebody/something

purchase

formal something you buy, or the act of buying it

shareholding

the amount of a company or business that somebody owns in the form of shares

divests

if a company ……, it sells some of its assets, investments, etc.

assets

a thing of value, especially property, that a person or company owns, which can be used or sold to pay debts

civil engineering

the design, building and repair of roads, bridges, etc.; the study of this as a subject

stockbroker

a person or an organization that buys and sells shares for other people

graduation

the act of successfully completing a university degree

fire sale

a sale at low prices of things that a company or person owns, usually in order to pay debts

retail outlet

a store that sells goods to the public

recession

a period when the economy of a country is not successful and conditions for business are bad

in the midst of sth

in the middle of an event, situation, or activity

period

a length of time

turning point

the time when an important change takes place, usually with the result that a situation improves

to seize

to take control of a place suddenly and quickly, using often military force

substantial

large in amount, value or importance SYNONYM considerable

spree

a short period of time that you spend doing one particular activity that you enjoy, but often too much of it

distressed

(formal or business) having problems caused by lack of money

knock-down

(of prices, etc.) much lower than usual SYNONYM rock-bottom

frugal

using only as much money or food as is necessary

taste

the kind of things that someone likes what a person likes or prefers

charitable

connected with a charity or charities

marginalisation

the process or result of making somebody feel as if they are not important and cannot influence decisions or events; the fact of putting somebody in a position in which they have no power, e.g.

poverty

the state of being poor

replicate

to make or do something again in exactly the same way

bargaining

discussions between people in order to reach agreement on something such as prices, wages, working conditions, etc.