Module 1 - Additive Conditions

Atelectasis (chest)

a collapse of the lung that results in airlessness of all or part of the lung tissue. This causes lung tissue density to increase

Bronchiectasis (chest)

the chronic dilation of the bronchi that can result in peribronchial thickening and small areas of atelectasis

Cardiomegaly (chest)

an enlargement of the heart that causes an increase in thickness

Congestive heart failure (chest)

when the heart is in failure, the cardiac output is diminished. This results in increased venous blood in the lungs. Lung tissue density is increased and the heart is enlarged as well

Empyema (chest)

pus in the thoracic cavity causes an increase in tissue density

Pleural effusions (hemothorax, hydrothorax) (chest)

when the pleural cavity fills with either blood or serous fluid, it displaces normal lung tissue. This results in an increased tissue density within the thoracic cavity

Pneumoconiosis (chest)

the inhalation of dust particles can cause fibrotic (scarring) changes. When healthy lung tissue becomes fibrotic, density of the tissue increases

Pneumonectomy (chest)

removal of a lung will cause the affected side to demonstrate an increase in density since normal air-filled lung tissue is removed

Pneumonia (chest)

inflammation of the lung tissue causes fluid to fill in the alveolar spaces. Fluid has a much greater tissue density than the air normally present

Pulmonary edema (chest)

when fluid fills the interstitial lung tissues and the alveoli, tissue density increases. This is a typical complication of congestive heart failure

Tuberculosis (chest)

an infection that causes inflammation and results in an increase in fluid in the lungs

Aortic aneurysm (abdomen)

a large dilation of the aorta will result in increased thickness of the affected part

Ascites (abdomen)

fluid accumulation within the peritoneal cavity causes an increase in tissue thickness

Cirrhosis (abdomen)

fibrotic changes in the liver cause the liver to enlarge and ascites can result. The result is an increase in the thickness of the liver and the entire abdomen

Calcified stones (abdomen)

stones are most commonly found throughout the abdomen in such argans as the gallbladder and the kidney. Caldium may be deposited, which causes an increase in the effective atomic number of the tissue

Acromegaly (extremities/skull)

an overgrowth of the hands, feet, face and jaw as a result of hypersecretion of growth hormones in the adult and will result in an increase in bone mass

Chronic osteomyelitis (extremities/skull)

a chronic bone infection that results in new bone growth at the infected site

Hydrocephalus (extremities/skull)

a dilation of the fluid-filled cerebral ventricles causes an enlargement of the head, resulting in an increased thickness

Osteoblastic metastases (extremities/skull)

the spread of cancer to bone can result in uncontrolled new bone growth

Osteochrodroma (extremities/skull)

a tumor arising in the bone and cartilage will result in an increased thickness of the bone

Paget's disease (extremities/skull)

an increase occurs in bone cell activity which leads to new bone growth. The result is increased bone thickness, with the pelvis, spine and skull most often affected

Sclerosis (extremities/skull)

an increase in hardening as a result of chronic inflammation in bone. This increases the density of the bone tissue