Human Geography- Unit 7 Vocabulary

The first set of the Chapter 7 vocabulary for AP Human Geography

Agglomeration

Agglomeration

CLUSTERING of like businesses for mutual benefit like reducing transportation expenses (competition)

Deglomeration

The exodus of business from a crowded area or business district of like businesses

Basic Jobs

Jobs that produce goods that will consumed outside the local community (non-local), brings money into the area

Non-Basic Jobs

Jobs within and for the local community, these do not bring more money into the area

Multiplier Effect

The increase in non-basic, local jobs because new basic, non-local jobs. Ex

Break-of-bulk point

A location where transfer among transportation modes is possible. (aka intermodal; ships, trains, trucks)

Bulk-Gaining Industry

An industry that makes something that gains volume or weight during production. (Market oriented)

Bulk-Reducing Industry

An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products. (Resource oriented)

Comparative Advantage

The ability of an individual, firm, or country to produce a good or service at a lower opportunity cost than other producers

Complementarity

Two regions through trade that specifically satisfy each other's demands

Core

The centers of economic, political, and/or cultural power within a given territorial entity. Can be used at local, national, regional or global scale of analysis

Semi-Periphery

Intermediary regions in terms of the hierarchy of power between core and periphery regions.

Periphery

The economically and politically least powerful regions and therefore, are often marginalized or under the control of both semi-peripheral and core regions

Ecotourism

A form of tourism that appeals to the ecologically and socially conscious individuals. Often used by LDCs to spur development

Fixed Costs

Expenses that do not change in proportion to the activity of a business (taxes, rent)

Variable Costs

costs that change as output changes (raw materials)

Footloose

When an industry is neither resource nor market orientated. Can be easily moved.

Fordism

A highly organized and specialized system for organizing industrial production and labor. (Mass production)

Post-Fordism

modern industrial production has moved away from mass production in huge factories towards specialized markets based on small flexible manufacturing units often using automation to replace human labor

Foreign Direct Investment

Investment in the economies of LDC's by transnational corporations based on MDC's

Friction of Distance

Based on the notion that the time and cost increase with the increase in distance. (NOT the same as distance decay!)

Gross National Income per capita (GNI)

The value of the output of goods and services produced by a country in a year divided by the number of people that live in the country

Human Development Index (HDI)

Measures a country's level of development by looking at demographic info based on health, wealth and education

International/Global Division of Labor

In which some components of products are made in one country and others in another. Brains and decision making in MDCs, low cost labor in LDCs

Investment Capital

The total amount of money that was endowed into a company by the shareholders, bondholders, and all other interested parties