Biology: Viral Infection and Prokaryotes

Flashcards focusing on vocabulary related to viral infections, prokaryotes, and plant biology.

Lytic cycle

Destructive viral cycle where the virus replicates and causes the host cell to burst.

Lysogenic cycle

Dormant (temporarily inactive) viral cycle where the virus inserts its DNA into the host genome.

Retrovirus

An RNA virus that converts RNA into DNA to integrate into the host’s genome.

Prophage

Viral DNA integrated into the host’s genome during the lysogenic cycle.

Binary fission

A method of bacterial reproduction.

Peptidoglycan

A major component of bacterial cell walls.

Coccus

Spherical-shaped bacteria.

Bacillus

Rod-shaped bacteria.

Capsule

A sticky layer surrounding some bacteria that aids in protection and attachment.

Exotoxin

Secreted toxins that damage host cells by disrupting cellular metabolism.

Endospore

A survival structure that allows bacteria to endure extreme conditions.

Stomata

Pores on leaves that facilitate gas exchange.

Double fertilization

A process in angiosperms where one sperm fertilizes the egg and another sperm forms the endosperm.

Alternation of generations

A life cycle involving both haploid and diploid phases.

Vivipary

A reproductive strategy where seeds develop inside the fruit and are not released.

Transpiration

The process by which water is lost from leaves, pulling water upward through plants.

Flagella

Appendages used by bacteria for movement.

Fimbriae

Hairlike structures that allow bacteria to stick to surfaces.

Plasmid

Small extra DNA found in some bacteria.

Vector

An organism that spreads pathogens.

Virulence

The degree of disease-producing ability of a pathogen.