THE ERAS TEST (cram slam)

Bacon’s Rebellion

1673

• Led by Nathaniel Bacon against Colonial Governor William Berkeley

• Berkeley refused to drive the Native Americans out of Virginia.

“Salutary Neglect”

1713-1763

• Britain’s unofficial policy to relax the enforcement of strict regulations on particularly trade laws.

• imposed by prime minister Robert Walpole on the American Colonies.

French and Indian War

1756-1763

• theater of the Seven Years’ War

• North American colonies of British empire against those of the French, each side supported by native American Tribes.

Shays’ Rebellion

1786

• Due to a debt crisis among the citizens, Western Massachusetts and Worcester rose against the state governments’s efforts to collect taxes on individuals and their trades.

Constitution Ratified

1788

• The constitution of the United States became the official framework of the government of the US when New Hampshire became the ninth of the 13 states to ratify it.

• Before the constitution, the US was governed by the Articles of Confederation.

Whisky Rebellion

1794

• A violent uprising against the whisky tax, The first tax imposed on a domestic product by the newly formed federal government.

• During George Washington’s presidency.

Presidents Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe

1800-24

• influential democratic-republican presidents

• made a significant turn in American turn with major accomplishments: The Louisiana Purchase, The War of 1812, The Monroe Doctrine

Jackson and Indian Removal

1830s

• Jackson fucking HATED the Native Americans.

• signed the Indian Removal Act on May 28 1830

Mexican-American War

1846-1848

• boundary dispute between the United States (texas) on the Nueces strip on Mexican (unprepared militarily) soil.

• The US was very expansionist at this time.

First Industrial Revolution

late 1700s-1850

• TRIC: Textiles, Railroads, Iron, Coal

• Timeline:

  • Turnpike Era: 1790-1820

  • Cotton Gin: 1793

  • Textiles: 1820s

  • Steamboats and Canals: 1820s

  • Railroads: 1830s-1840s

Antebellum Reform Movements

1800-1850

• Examples:

  • temperance

  • Nativism

  • education

  • 2nd Great Awakening

Civil War

1861-1865

• Between the North (Union) and the South (Confederacy)

• Question: would slavery be allowed to expand into western territory?

• Lincoln was president at this time and opposed slavery.

Reconstruction

1865-1877

• Followed the Civil War as a period of reintigrating the Confederacy back into the United States whil tackling the challenges of abolishing slavery for good and attempting to grant newly freed slaves civil rights.

Gilded Age

1865-1900

• A time of rapid economic growth

• lots of industrialization and immigration from Europe due to wage increase and thus demand for unskilled labor — a lot in railroads

• The South remained unwell from the effects of the Civil War: low prices of cash crop commodities and Jim Crow Laws.

• Lots of political corruption (i.e. political machines…) and high tensions over new laws (i.e. prohibition…)

Second Industrial Revolution

late 1800s, early 1900s

• ROSE:

  • Railroads, Oil, Steel, Electricity

Urbanization “New Immigrants”

1880-1924

• Social Gospel, Political machines, Nativists

Exploration of the Great West

1849-1900

• Three Frontiers:

  • farming

  • mining

  • cattle

Imperialism

1889-1914

• The White Man’s Burden

  • A poem by Rudyard Kipling which describes the Philippine American War in such a way that exhorts the United States to assume control over the Filipino people and their country.

• Hawaii

• Spanish-American War

  • 1898 In the aftermath of the USS Maine.

• Open Door

  • a statement of principles initiated by the US in 1899 and 1900 calling for protection of equal priviledges for all countries trading with China and it’s territorial administrative legacy.

• “Big Stick”

  • Theodore Roosevelt’s approachh to Latin America and the Caribbean. Became known as the Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. He was powerful and ready to use military force if needed.

• “dollar diplomacy”

  • The use of a country’s financial power to expand its international influence

• “moral diplomacy”

  • The principal of self-determination, the moral right of the people to choose their form of government and leaders by democratic election.

Progressive Era

1901-1920

• Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson

• Characterized by widespread social activism, and political reform across the country.

• aimed to defeat corruption, monopoly, waste, and inefficiency

Roaring [XX]’s, the radio, “Jazz Age”, “Lost Generation”

1920s

• surging economy — mass consumerism

• prohibition

• redefinition of arts and culture (Harlem Renaissance)

The Great Depression

1929-1939

• William Hoover, Franklin Delano Roosevelt

• Severe world-wide economic disintegration

• started by the stock market crash of October 24 1929

World War II

1939-1945

• Started With Invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany (Sep 1 1939) + GB and France declaring War on Germany

• Allies vs. Axis Powers

Cold War

1946-1991

• Non-total war between the US and Soviet Russia over authoritarianism and capitalism

• US defended against the spread of Communism.

Bad year 1

1949

• USSR gets the atomic bomb

• China falls to Communism

Civil Rights Era

1954-1965

• 1950s:

  • consumerism

  • conformity

  • the TV

  • suburbia

• 1960s:

  • JFK and Lyndon B. Johnson

Bad year 2

1968

• MLK Shot

• riots at Democratic National Convention

Vietnam War

1964-1973

• Major Conflict of the Cold War

• proxy war between the US and Soviet Russia

• The US sent troops to help defend the north against the communist south Vietnam

Inflation, Stagflation, Recession

1970s

The New Right

1970s

• In the United States, the New Right emerged after the collapse of the Soviet Union and campaigned against abortion, homosexuality, the Equal Rights Ammendment, The Panama Canal Treaty, affirmative action, and most taxation.

Bad year 3

1979

• Iranian Revolution

  • Pahlavi Dynasty overthrown

• USSR Invades Afghanistan

Conservative Revolution

1980s

• “Reaganomics” — “supply-side economics” “trickle-down economics”

  • goals: reduce cost of business, reduce tax burdens, relax regulations and prices, cut domestic spending

  • economy recovered from recession

Large #s of Asian and Latin American immigrants change American demographic

1965-present

1st Gulf War

1991

• Push Saddam Hussein and Iraq out of Kuwait

• response from the US and a coalition of 42 states to make Saddam Hussein (Iraq) get his troops out of Kuwait after he invaded to get more control over the Oil supply.

9/11 and Invasion of Afghanistan

2001

Invasion of Iraq

2003

• attempt to rid Iraq and Saddam of WMD