BYU Jerusalem Center Judaism Quiz 1 Ophir

Saduccees

Only use the first 5 books(there isn't more revelation after the torah) Were the majority of the Priests in the temples, X no resurrection X, higher greco roman assimilation, more wealthy

Pharisees

- later became the rabbis) Believe in the resurrection, Believed to possess additional knowledge/ revelation other than the Torah (only ones with the Oral Torah)

Zealots

- extremists, aggressive, want to militaristically establish zion/ zionism) Did not like the polythiestic

What was the cause of Rabbinic Judaism?

Destruction of the temple in 70 AD

What happened to Saducees and Zealots post second temple destruction?

, lost power/credibility bc Jews were scattered and faded out

Torah Piety

The idea that if we have the torah we have all we need (bc we don't have the holy land or the temple) therefore oral and written torah comes to be

Democratization

Anyone can become a Rabbi, rabbinic authority is gained by schooling, can be achieved. (opposite of ascribed authority which states u must be born with it ex: levites)

How was the priest line determined before democratization?

You had to be in the lineage.

What are the 3 roles of Rabbi?

- Discuss and study mishna create further legislation

- "We have authority to interpret the torah"

- Teach the next generations of rabbis and young jewish peeps

What is the parting of the ways?

the historical process by which early Christianity and Rabbinic Judaism, two distinct religious traditions, gradually developed and separated from each other. This process took place over several centuries, starting in the first century CE and continuing through the early medieval period.

What were Zealots attitude to surrounding culture?

basically zero tolerance for surrounding culture especially when it comes to empires. Very against Roman control and influence. Overall saw the Romans/ other cultures as a threat to Jewish independence and identity.

What were Sadducees attitude to surrounding culture?

Elitist group that was very open to surrounding cultures. The sadducees would be buddy buddy with imperial authorities in order to keep their status, so they had no problem subjecting themselves to these other cultures and their influences.

What were Pharisees attitude to surrounding culture?

The Pharisees were basically a middle ground.

Not as extremely opposed to surrounding cultures as Zealots, but not quite as open as the Sadducees. More of an "in but not of" kind of idea. They are okay with assimilating into new cultures/ situations, but while staying true to their Jewish traditions and identity. Think of the example of the rabbi saying they should name their kids Hebrew names, not Greek names.

realpolitik

(logical rather than moral)

What was the Pharisees reaction to temple destruction?

- - realpolitik (logical rather than moral)

What was the Zealots reaction to temple destruction?

- combative, fight at all costs; political fanatics that thought that independence made one truly Jewish; would rather die than not be free; due to monotheism

What was the Sadducees reaction to temple destruction?

no more temple meant they were no longer employed, purpose was also lost

What did Rabban Yohanan ben Zakkai do?

(coffin dude)

- Rabban Yohanan ben Zakkai = Jewish sage and scholar in the 1st century; preserved Jewish learning and tradition by establishing learning center in Yavneh

- Yavneh and its sages = leading rabbis gathered to continue teachings and develop beginnings of rabbinic judaism; *transition from temple based to rabbinic Judaism

What is another name for the Oral torah?

Mishnah

What is the name of the commentary added to the Mishnah?

Gemara

What was the purpose of the oral Torah?

provide the detailed teachings, interpretations, and explanations of these laws. Given to clarify the written Torah.

What is halakah?

the commandments and laws), ethical discussions, traditions, etc, collective body of Jewish religious laws that are derived from the Written and Oral Torah.

Who is credited for compiling the mishnah and when?

Rabbi Judah the Prince between 200-220 CE)

what are proseuchai?

prayer-houses in diaspora

what did jews build in Israel 3rd century BCE in contrast to diaspora?

synagogues (meeting-houses)

How many times a day must jews pray?

2

What is the outline of the communal prayer?

1. recitation of scripture

2. praise of God

3. Petetions

4. Torah read and explained

Passover (Seder)

Originates from the Exodus, became a tradition and sacred holiday in the Jewish communities. It started to be connected with the temple sacrifice, each household partook in the passover meal. After 70 CE when the temple sacrifice was no longer possible, Passover Seder was created. In remembrance from slavery to freedom.

Rosh Hashanah

marks the beginning of the 7th month in the jewish calendar. Celebrations include scripture readings, prayer, and the blowing of the Shofar

Yom Kippor

is a day a fast spent at the synagogue, focusing on sins, repentance, and forgiveness.

Sukkot

a 7 day festival celebration, as commanded by God in Torah. This is a time where no one works, and it celebrates hospitality, spirituality, and nationhood.

How did the synagogue changed at the end of the second temple period?

1. shifted from worship only done by priests to something everyone does,

2. worship focus shifted from sacrifice to Torah study and prayer.

3. the whole congregation became welcomed into the synagogue whereas the temple people were kept at a distance

What are the two Talmud versions?

Babylonian/Hebrew

What is the Talmud?

The Oral Torah with commentary (mishnah + gemara)

How many sections in the mishnah?

6

when was the bar kokhba revolt?

132-135 CE (AD) Second Jewish Revolt

when was the result bar kokhba revolt?

- Jews were banned from Jerusalem and forbidden to observe their basic practices like prayer, etc.

- After the results of the 2 revolts the center of Judaism moved to Galilee for almost 800 years

- Rabbinic activities in Yavneh were making strides for groundwork for the renewal of Judaism

What is Tamid?

- God's daily food and burned in the morning and afternoon

How often is the shema recited a day?

2

What are the three themes of sheema?

- to Mishnah are The Kingship of God, Reward and Punishment, and Redemption.

What is the correct line of Judaism development?

→ Early Judaism

→ Middle Judaisms

→ Rabbinic Judaism

Which Talmud is more widely used?

Babylonian

mitvzot

another name for law in Halakah

When was the first temple destruction?

586 BCE

Midrash

Commentary or written Torah