test unit 9

Age of Prosperity & boom in consumerism

1950s & 60s

Employment Act of 1964

a council to advise the president on employment, production and purchasing power

GI Bill

gave low-interest loans for veterans to buy homes and money for college, increase in white collar employment and rise of suburbs

Taft-Hartley Act

outlawed 'closed shops' and passed over Truman's veto

Sunbelt

growth of population from VA to CA

Rustbelt

decline of population in OH

Election of 1948

democratic party split as southern democrats opposed Truman's civil right goals (Truman promised fair deal)

Age of Conformity

anti-communism and red scare; ideal of the American family shown on TV; white flight to the suburbs like Levittown

Roles of Women

expected to leave workforce after marriage

White Collar Workers

rise; GI Bill makes college attendance possible

Generation Gap

Rock n Roll and Beat Movement

Beat Movement

counterculture critical of materialism

Bretton Woods

framework for international cooperation in postwar world

International Monetary Fund

to encourage world trade by regulating currency exchange rates

World Bank

to promote economic growth in underdeveloped areas

United Nations

established in 1945 with reps from 50 nations

Security Council

US, Britain, the USSR, France, China; each with the right of veto

General Assembly

comprised of smaller countries

Department of Defense

established by the national security act

National Security Council

established by the national security act; to advise president on security matter and the CIA to coordinate the government's foreign fact-gathering

Iron Curtain Speech

Churchill warns the Soviets are expanding control on Eastern Europe 'satellite states'

Long Telegram & containment

accuses USSR of being expansionist and that the US must stop this

Marshall Plan

economic aid to avoid countries falling to communism

Berlin Blockade Airlift

supplies airlifted into Berlin

NATO

established with pact 'an attack on one is an attack on all'

Korean War

containment in action: N. Korean army attacked S. Korea; 'UN action' led by MacArthur; permanently divided at 38th parallel

NSC-68

called for 4x military spending and containment to stop the spread of communism

Loyalty review board

established to root out spies in government

Smith Act of 1940

first peacetime anti-sedition law since 1798; 11 communist imprisoned; ruling upheld in Dennis v. US

McCarran Internal Security Bill

authorized the president to arrest and detain suspicious people during an 'internal security emergency'

Committee on Un-American Activities

to investigate 'subversion led by Joseph McCarthy'

Alger Hiss

gov official found guilty of espionage but claimed innocence

Hollywood 10

accused of being communist; blacklisted

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

convicted and sentenced to death for selling atomic bomb plans to USSR

Brown v. Board of Education

overruled Plessy v.

Montgomery Bus Boycott

de-segregated bus system; Rosa Parks

Little Rock Nine

governor Faubus resisted integration, so Eisenhower sent in federal troops

Sit-In Movement

students sat at the "white only" section of Woolworths lunch counter

Freedom Rides

organized mixed-race groups who rode interstate buses deep into the south to draw attention to and protest racial segregation

March on Washington

speeches by MLK and John L Lewis continue to bring national attention to movement

Freedom Summer

black voter registration drive

Selma March

demonstrators faced violence as they attempted to march from Selma, Alabama, to Montgomery, Alabama to demand the right to vote for black people

MLK

"I have a dream" speech and "letter from a Birmingham Jail" explains nonviolent commitment to the movement

Congress on Racial Equality

working with other civil rights groups, launched a series of initiatives

Southern Christian Leadership Conference

to mobilize black churches in favor of Civil Rights

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee

established by black college students to organize and coordinate the protests began during the sit-in

Civil Rights Act of 1964

prohibited discrimination in public places, provided for the integration of schools and other public facilities and made employment discrimination illegal

Voting Rights Act of 1965

outlawed discriminatory voting practices, including literacy tests as a prerequisite to voting

Civil Rights Act of 1968

a ban on discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing based on race, religion, national origin, or sex

Dynamic Conservation

Eisenhower: conservative when it comes to money, liberal when it comes to human beings; kept many New Deal Programs like social security

Interstate Highway Act

Eisenhower; in case of nuclear bomb and need for evacuation

Operation *******

Eisenhower; deported a million illegal immigrants

NASA

established 1958 to compete with USSR

Inaugural Address

JFK; torch passes to a new generation; ask not what your country can do for you - ask what you can do for your country

New Freedom

JFK; aimed to increase support for education, anti-poverty programs, and medical care for the elderly, cut taxes, raise the minimum wage, ban racial discrimination, and increase defense spending

Peace Corps

JFK; send skilled volunteers to developing nations to support their local communities in areas such as education, agriculture, health, technology, and community development

Eisenhower Doctrine

joint resolution from Congress authorizing the use of US military forces to intervene in any country that appeared likely to fall to communism

U-2 Incident

spy plane shot down over USSR; talks to de-escalate Cold War cancelled

Bay of Pigs

funded by the US, a disastrous attempt to overthrow the gov of Fidel Castro

Cuban Missile Crisis

US spots Soviet missiles in Cuba, US quarantine, missiles removed from Cuba when US promises to remove missiles from Turkey

Immigration Act of 1965

removed quotas for immigration

Economic Opportunity Act

creates VISTA, Project Head Start and Job Corps

Nuclear Attacks

fear of Americans so many built bomb shelters

Silent Spring

written by Rachel Carson, legislation passed EPA

Students for a Democratic Society and Weathermen

look a lead on protesting hippies through groups

Youthful population bulge, protest against racism and the war, permanence of prosperity.

What are the three reasons that there was such a big change in culture in the 1960s

1955

US sent military advisors to vietnam - Eisenhower

1965

US troops arrived in vietnam - LBJ

north - south = pro western

which side is communist in vietnam? what is the other side?

Gulf of Tolkin inccident

two U.S. destroyers stationed in the Gulf of Tonkin in Vietnam radioed that they had been fired upon by North Vietnamese forces - caused LBJ to put troops in vietnam

china and soviet union

Who supported North Vietnam

US, South Korea, Australia, Thailand

Who supported South Vietnam?

guerilla style

How was the vietnam war fought?

Angent Orange

used by the U.S. military during the Vietnam War. It was sprayed to kill vegetation and expose enemy positions. led to birth defects and cancer

Napalm

thick, sticky, and highly flammable liquid used in warfare to create fire. used by us. burned many vietnam people

Hawks

supported the vietnam war

doves

did not support the war - protested and resisted the draft

Tet Offensive

suprise attack by the Vietcong and north wietnamese army

Pentagon Papers and the Credibility Gap

NY Times publishes classified documents showing the governement lied to the public repeatedly about the war

Vietcong

communist guerilla

north vietnamese

who won the vietnam war

Socialist Republic of Vietnam

What the new name of the reunification of North and South Vietnam

jan 27 1973

What day was peace treaty signed