HIS 201 Final

Following his infamous duel with Alexander Hamilton, Aaron Burr in 1806
A.) remained the trusted vice president and political confidante of President Jefferson.
B.) Resigned the vice-presidency to become a member of the Federalist Party and prepared to run as a presidential candidate in 1808.
C.) was arrested for treason and found guilty of this political crime.
D.) was arrested and found innocent of murder.
E.) conspired with an unsavory military governor of the Louisiana Territory, General James Wilkinson, to undermine the legitimate authority of the U.S. government and expand their new confederacy to Spanish-controlled Mexico and Florida.

Following his infamous duel with Alexander Hamilton, Aaron Burr in 1806
A.) remained the trusted vice president and political confidante of President Jefferson.
B.) Resigned the vice-presidency to become a member of the Federalist Party and prepared to run as a presidential candidate in 1808.
C.) was arrested for treason and found guilty of this political crime.
D.) was arrested and found innocent of murder.
E.) conspired with an unsavory military governor of the Louisiana Territory, General James Wilkinson, to undermine the legitimate authority of the U.S. government and expand their new confederacy to Spanish-controlled Mexico and Florida.

E.) conspired with an unsavory military governor of the Louisiana Territory, General James Wilkinson, to undermine the legitimate authority of the U.S. government and expand their new confederacy to Spanish-controlled Mexico and Florida.

Arrange these events in chronological order: (A) Louisiana Purchase, (B) Chesapeake incident, (C) Burr's trial for treason, and (D) Embargo Act.
A.) A, B, D, C
B.) C, D, A, B
C.) A, C, B, D
D.) D, B, C, A
E.) B, D, C, A

C.) A, C, B, D

As chief justice of the United States, John Marshall helped to ensure that
A.) states' rights were protected.
B.) the programs of Alexander Hamilton were overturned.
C.) the political and economic systems were based on a strong central government.
D.) both the Supreme Court and the president could rule a law unconstitutional.
E.) Aaron Burr was convicted of treason.

C.) the political and economic systems were based on a strong central government.

During the War of 1812, the New England states
A.) supported the United States' war effort.
B.) lent more money and sent more food to the British army than to the American army.
C.) gave no support to either the Americans or the British.
D.) allowed their militias to fight wherever the federal government requested.
E.) declared their independence from the United States.

B.) lent more money and sent more food to the British army than to the American army.

In the 1800 presidential election, Thomas Jefferson won the deadlocked election because
A.) of the decisive political opposition among members of the House of Representatives against Alexander Hamilton, Jefferson's political rival
B.) a few Federalists, unwilling to elect Aaron Burr as president, decided to abstain from voting in the House of Representatives, throwing the presidential election to Jefferson.
C.) of the high taxes passed by the Adams administration.
D.) Napoleon promised to sell the Louisiana Territory only to Jefferson.
E.) Jefferson had a natural appeal for New York's urban ethnic voters.

B.) a few Federalists, unwilling to elect Aaron Burr as president, decided to abstain from voting in the House of Representatives, throwing the presidential election to Jefferson.

In the election of 1800, the Federalists accused Thomas Jefferson of all of the following except
A.) having robbed a widow of her trust fund.
B.) having fathered numerous mulatto children by his own slave women.
C.) being an atheist.
D.) conspiring with Aaron Burr to have Spain attack the United States.
E.) having robbed children of their trust funds.

D.) conspiring with Aaron Burr to have Spain attack the United States.

Lewis and Clark's expedition through the Louisiana Purchase territory yielded all of the following except
A.) a rich harvest of scientific observations.
B.) treaties with several Indian nations.
C.) geographical knowledge of the previously unknown region.
D.) a plausible American claim to the Oregon region.
E.) opening of the West to future exploration and trade.

B.) treaties with several Indian nations.

Napoleon chose to sell Louisiana to the United States for all of the following reasons except
A.) he had suffered military misfortunes and setbacks on the island of Santo Domingo.
B.) he feared that British control of the seas would force him to cede Louisiana to the British, giving Britain an important strategic advantage in his fateful and protracted war with his rival for imperial dominance in Europe and across the world.
C.) he did not want to drive America into a political and military alliance with the British.
D.) mosquitoes carrying yellow fever had decimated thousands of French troops on Santo Domingo.
E.) he was afraid that the Spanish might seize Louisiana in a new war.

E.) he was afraid that the Spanish might seize Louisiana in a new war.

Native American leader Tecumseh was killed in 1813 at the Battle of
A.) Tippecanoe.
B.) the Thames.
C.) Horseshoe Bend.
D.) New Orleans.
E.) Fallen Timbers.

B.) the Thames.

President Jefferson's embargo failed for all of the following reasons except that
A.) he underestimated the determination of the British.
B.) he underestimated Britain's dependence on American trade.
C.) he overestimated the dependence of Britain and France on America's trade.
D.) Latin American republics opened up their ports for commerce.
E.) he miscalculated the difficulty of enforcing it.

B.) he underestimated Britain's dependence on American trade.

The British policy of impressment was functionally equivalent to
A.) a naval blockade.
B.) an economic boycott.
C.) a forced enlistment.
D.) diplomatic negotiations.
E.) a formal declaration of war on the United States.

C.) a forced enlistment.

The Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court who, more than any other federal official, was able to carry out the Federalist ideas of Alexander Hamilton concerning strengthening the power of the federal government was
A.) Roger Taney.
B.) William Marbury.
C.) John Marshall.
D.) Samuel Chase.
E.) John Jay.

C.) John Marshall.

The case of Marbury v. Madison (1803) established that the Constitution mandated that the Supreme Court and not Congress nor the president of the United States had the authority
A.) to commit the United States to entangling alliances.
B.) to impeach federal executive branch officers for "high crimes and misdemeanors."
C.) to determine the meaning of the Constitution.
D.) to purchase foreign territory for the United States.
E.) to impeach other Supreme Court justices.

C.) to determine the meaning of the Constitution.

Thomas Jefferson saw his election and his mission as president to include all of the following except
A.) to return to the original spirit of the revolution.
B.) restore the republican experiment.
C.) check the growth of government power.
D.) halt the decay of virtue.
E.) support the establishment of a strong army and navy to advance the imperialist ambitions of the United States.

E.) support the establishment of a strong army and navy to advance the imperialist ambitions of the United States.

Thomas Jefferson's "Revolution of 1800" was remarkable in that it
A.) moved the United States away from its democratic ideals.
B.) marked the peaceful and orderly transfer of power on the basis of election results accepted by all parties.
C.) occurred after he left the presidency.
D.) caused America to do what the British had been doing for a generation regarding the election of a legislative body.
E.) came about despite strong opposition from top officers in U.S. Continental Army and the U.S. Navy.

B.) marked the peaceful and orderly transfer of power on the basis of election results accepted by all parties.

Thomas Jefferson's presidency was characterized by his
A.) unswerving conformity to Republican party principles.
B.) rigid attention to formal protocol at White House gatherings.
C.) moderation in the administration of public policy.
D.) ruthless use of the patronage power to appoint Republicans to federal offices.
E.) inability to get legislation passed by Congress.

C.) moderation in the administration of public policy.

Which of these is NOT a true statement about the Louisiana Purchase?
A.) Senators quickly approved the purchase.
B.) It had enthusiastic public support.
C.) It was the best real estate bargain in history - adding 828,000 square miles to the United States at three cents an acre.
D.) It more than quadrupuled the size of the United States.
E.) It cost $15 million.

D.) It more than quadrupuled the size of the United States.

Who served as the crucial guide(s), aiding Lewis and Clark in their expedition through the Louisiana Territory?
A.) The Mandan Indians
B.) The Shoshone woman Sacajawea
C.) A battalion of U.S. Marines
D.) A battalion of the U.S. Army
E.) None of these choices are correct.

B.) The Shoshone woman Sacajawea

The British impressed American sailors into the British navy because
A.) the Americans took the Chesapeake.
B.) they needed more military conscripts for their imperial military engagements around the world.
C.) Parliament passed a law.
D.) of the XYZ affair.
E.) they wanted to punish the United States.

B.) they needed more military conscripts for their imperial military engagements around the world.

Once begun, the War of 1812 was supported strongly by
A.) practically all Americans.
B.) New England and the seaboard states.
C.) very few people.
D.) the West and South.
E.) Native Americans.

D.) the West and South.

As a result of the Missouri Compromise
A.) there were more slave than free states in the Union.
B.) slavery was outlawed in all states north of the forty-second parallel.
C.) slavery was banned north of 36° 30' in the Louisiana Purchase territory.
D.) Missouri was required to free its slaves when they reached full adulthood.
E.) there were more free states than second states in the Union.

C.) slavery was banned north of 36° 30' in the Louisiana Purchase territory.

Canada became an important battleground in the War of 1812 because
A.) it was the economic hub of the New England economy.
B.) Canadians would be willing to help the Americans overthrow the imperial yoke of British rule.
C.) British forces were weakest there.
D.) the United States could rely on the military and economic support of French Canadians against the British.
E.) Canada held important strategic military bases from which the Americans could attack the British.

C.) British forces were weakest there.

Democratic-Republicans opposed Senator Henry Clay's American System because
A.) it favored only the South.
B.) it would provide stiff competition to the Erie Canal.
C.) they believed that it was unconstitutional.
D.) they thought it would center more control in Washington.
E.) they believed in high tariffs and high taxes.

C.) they believed that it was unconstitutional.

Following the War of 1812, nationalism could be seen in all of the following except
A.) the way in which American painters depicted the beauty of American landscapes.
B.) the congressional defeat of an effort to revive the Bank of the United States in 1816.
C.) the building of a more handsome national capital.
D.) an expanded army and navy.
E.) development of a national literature.

B.) the congressional defeat of an effort to revive the Bank of the United States in 1816.

Henry Clay embraced a program in 1824 called the American System which would create all of the following except
A.) a strong banking system.
B.) easy and abundant credit.
C.) a protective tariff to enable manufacturing to grow.
D.) a network of roads and canals for transporting foodstuffs, raw materials and manufactured goods nationwide.
E.) the constitutional right of individual states to nullify laws enacted by Congress that adversely affected their economic interests.

E.) the constitutional right of individual states to nullify laws enacted by Congress that adversely affected their economic interests.

People moved into the Old Northwest for all of the following reasons except
A.) the canal and highway boom opened the area to settlement.
B.) the Indian threat had been substantially weakened.
C.) to acquire cheap and productive land.
D.) to escape the domination of wealthy plantation owners.
E.) to expand the territory where slavery was legal

E.) to expand the territory where slavery was legal

Spain sold Florida in 1819 to the United States because it
A.) wanted to help America to become a rival to Britain.
B.) could not defend the area and would lose it in any case.
C.) received America's promise to give up claims to Oregon.
D.) was pulling out of the Western Hemisphere.
E.) thought the sale of Florida might stop American settlers and frontiersmen from further pushing into Texas and other parts of Spain's holdings in the Southwest.

B.) could not defend the area and would lose it in any case.

The Battle of New Orleans resulted in all of the following except
A.) the launching of Andrew Jackson as a national hero.
B.) an impressive American military victory over the British.
C.) the British deciding to conclude a peace treaty with the Americans at Ghent, Belgium in late 1814.
D.) a wave of patriotism washing over the entire country, exemplified by public praise for the defenders of New Orleans.
E.) the restoration of American honor in the hearts and minds of many Americans.

C.) the British deciding to conclude a peace treaty with the Americans at Ghent, Belgium in late 1814.

The British attack on Fort McHenry
A.) resulted in another decisive British military victory.
B.) made possible the British invasion of Washington, D.C.
C.) inspired the writing of "The Star-Spangled Banner" by Francis Scott Key.
D.) produced the "Bladensburg Races."
E.) was the decisive military turning point in the War of 1812.

C.) inspired the writing of "The Star-Spangled Banner" by Francis Scott Key.

The Era of Good Feelings
A.) was characterized by the absence of any serious or divisive problems in the United States.
B.) was noted for an extended period of cooperation and agreement over a wide diversiy of political and economic issues between the Democratic-Republicans and the Federalists.
C.) marked a temporary end to sectionalism by uniting all parts of the country.
D.) was a misnomer, because the period was marked by heated political disputes over the tarrif, the bank, internal improvements, and the sale of public lands.
E.) saw the creation of the Whig political party.

D.) was a misnomer, because the period was marked by heated political disputes over the tarrif, the bank, internal improvements, and the sale of public lands.

The Rush-Bagot agreement
A.) required the Indians to relinquish vast areas of tribal lands north of the Ohio River.
B.) ended the traditional mutual suspicion and hatred between the United States and Great Britain.
C.) severely limited British and American naval armaments on the Great Lakes.
D.) provided for Canadian independence from Great Britain.
E.) gave Florida to the United States.

C.) severely limited British and American naval armaments on the Great Lakes.

The delegates of the Hartford Convention adopted resolutions in 1814 that included a call for
A.) a constitutional amendment requiring a two-thirds vote in Congress before war could be declared, new states admitted, or a trade embargo instituted by the federal government.
B.) New England's secession from the Union.
C.) a separate peace treaty between New England and the British.
D.) a Constitutional Convention to address New England's political and economic grievances and objections that stemmed from the War of 1812.
E.) a suspension of peace negotiations with Britain in Ghent, Belgium.

A.) a constitutional amendment requiring a two-thirds vote in Congress before war could be declared, new states admitted, or a trade embargo instituted by the federal government.

The first state entirely west of the Mississippi River to be carved out of the Louisiana Territory was
A.) Kansas.
B.) Louisiana.
C.) Iowa.
D.) Arkansas.
E.) Missouri.

E.) Missouri.

The most devastating defeat suffered by the British during the War of 1812 took place at the Battle of
A.) New Orleans.
B.) Horseshoe Bend.
C.) Tippecanoe.
D.) the Thames.
E.) Baltimore.

A.) New Orleans.

The two most internationally recognized American writers in the 1820s were
A.) Washington Irving and James Fenimore Cooper.
B.) Edgar Allan Poe and Charles Baudelaire.
C.) Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson.
D.) Herman Melville and Nathaniel Hawthorne.
E.) Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau.

A.) Washington Irving and James Fenimore Cooper.

U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall's rulings almost single-handedly shaped constitutional interpretation
A.) toward strict adherence to the literal text of the Constitution.
B.) upholding individual civil liberties.
C.) tipping the balance of power between Congress and the president toward the president.
D.) toward favoring nationalistic centralism and curbing the powers of popularly elected state legislatures in national political and economic affairs.
E.) in the direction of states' rights over the federal government.

D.) toward favoring nationalistic centralism and curbing the powers of popularly elected state legislatures in national political and economic affairs.

When the Monroe Doctrine was issued in 1823​
A.) it might more accurately have been called the American Self-Defense Doctrine.
B.) It was quickly codified into international law.
C.) it became a binding pledge of interventionism on each subsequent presidential administration.
D.) it was an expression of deepening American isolationism from world affairs.
E.) it represented an unbreakable commitment by the United States to internationalism.

A.) it might more accurately have been called the American Self-Defense Doctrine.

With the demise of the Federalist party following the election of 1816
A.) the Democratic-Republicans quickly established one-party rule.
B.) another party arose very quickly to take its place.
C.) little political trouble or strife ensued throughout the nation.
D.) sectionalism completely disappeared.
E.) the Whig party immediately materialized to take its place.

A.) the Democratic-Republicans quickly established one-party rule.

Perhaps the key battle of the War of 1812, because it protected the United States from full-scale invasion and possible dissolution, was the Battle of
A.) Mackinac.
B.) Plattsburgh.
C.) the Thames.
D.) Horseshoe Bend.
E.) Fallen Timbers.

B.) Plattsburgh.

The United States' most successful diplomat in the Era of Good Feelings was
A.) Henry Clay
B.) Daniel Webster.
C.) John Quincy Adams.
D.) Andrew Jackson.
E.) James Monroe.

C.) John Quincy Adams.

Andrew Jackson and his supporters disliked the Bank of the United States for all of the following reasons except it
A.) minted gold and silver coins but issued no paper money.
B.) controlled much of the nation's gold and silver.
C.)was a private institution.
D.) foreclosed on many western farms.
E.) put public service first, not profits.

E.) put public service first, not profits.

Andrew Jackson based his veto of the recharter bill for the Bank of the United States on
A.) constitutional grounds exclusively.
B.) advice from Henry Clay and other close advisors.
C.) the Supreme Court's McCulloch v. Maryland decision.
D.) the fact that he found the bill harmful to the nation as well as unconstitutional.
E.) the belief that it was supported by the "necessary and proper" clause in the Constitution.

D.) the fact that he found the bill harmful to the nation as well as unconstitutional.

Andrew Jackson's inauguration as president symbolized the
A.) return of Jeffersonian simplicity.
B.) newly won ascendancy of the masses.
C.) supremacy of states' rights over federal power.
D.) reemergence of a dominant Federalist ethic of government and Federalist economic policies.
E.) All of these choices are correct.

B.) newly won ascendancy of the masses.

As president, John Quincy Adams
A.) was more successful than as secretary of state.
B.) was impeached by the House of Representatives, but he was acquitted by the Senate.
C.) was one of the least successful presidents in American history.
D.) put many of his supporters on the federal payroll.
E.) was successful in getting most of his programs enacted into law.

C.) was one of the least successful presidents in American history.

Innovations in the election of 1832 included
A.) direct election of the president.
B.) adoption of written party platforms.
C.) a series of presidential debates between the candidates.
D.) presidential nominations of "favorite sons" by state legislatures.
E.) abandonment of party conventions.

B.) adoption of written party platforms.

John C. Calhoun's South Carolina Exposition was an argument for
A.) secession.
B.) protective tariffs.
C.) majority rule.
D.) states' rights.
E.) trade with England.

D.) states' rights.

John Quincy Adams's weaknesses as president included all of the following except
A.) his strong nationalistic ideology.
B.) his support for elitist proposals like a national university.
C.) his personal coldness and tactlessness with people.
D.) the charges of "corrupt bargain" hanging over his presidency.
E.) his encouragement of his supporters to "sling mud" at Jackson.

E.) his encouragement of his supporters to "sling mud" at Jackson.

On the forced march from their Georgia homeland to Oklahoma known as the Trail of Tears, the Cherokees experienced all of the following except
A.) 100,000 Indians being uprooted.
B.) the loss of their ancestral and ostensibly legally protected lands to white settlement.
C.) countless Indian men, women, and children dying on route or after arriving in Indian Territory.
D.) having to abandon sacred and family grave sites.
E.) the rampant sexual abuse of wives and daughters by U.S. soldiers.

E.) the rampant sexual abuse of wives and daughters by U.S. soldiers.

Southerners feared the Tariff of 1828 because
A.) it would hurt their growing manufacturing sector.
B.) this same use of the power of the federal government could be used to suppress slavery.
C.) it might hurt Andrew Jackson's political career.
D.) they were convinced that it would destroy the American woolen industry.
E.) it could damage the chances of the American System's success.

B.) this same use of the power of the federal government could be used to suppress slavery.

Texans won their independence as a result of the victory over Mexican armies at the Battle of
A.) Santa Anna.
B.) Goliad.
C.) the Alamo.
D.) San Jacinto.
E.) the Rio Grande.

D.) San Jacinto.

The Nullification Crisis of 1832-1833 erupted directly over
A.) banking policy.
B.) internal improvements.
C.) tariff policy.
D.) extension of slavery into the western territories.
E.) Indian policy.

C.) tariff policy.

The Panic of 1837 was caused by all of the following except
A.) excessive speculation.
B.) President Jackson's banking and financial policies including the Bank War and the Specie Circular.
C.) financial problems abroad.
D.) failure of wheat crops.
E.) taking the country off the gold standard.

E.) taking the country off the gold standard.

The presidential election of 1824
A.) was the first to use the electoral college.
B.) was the first one to see the election of a president who failed to win a majority of the electoral vote from the state electors.
C.) saw a record high voter turn-out show up at the polls.
D.) saw the formulation of well-organized political parties.
E.) was decided by the U.S. Supreme Court.

B.) was the first one to see the election of a president who failed to win a majority of the electoral vote from the state electors.

The purpose behind the spoils system was
A.) to press those with experience into governmental service.
B.) to make politics a sideline and not a full-time business.
C.) to reward political supporters with public office.
D.) to reverse the trend of rotation in office.
E.) the widespread encouragement of a bureaucratic office-holding class.

C.) to reward political supporters with public office.

William Henry Harrison, the Whig party's presidential candidate in 1840, was
A.) a true "common man."
B.) a very effective chief executive.
C.) portrayed by his supporters as a poor western farmer in an effort to make a deceptive contrast with his aristocratic opponent, Democratic incumbent President Martin Van Buren
D.) born in a log cabin.
E.) the first military officer to become president.

C.) portrayed by his supporters as a poor western farmer in an effort to make a deceptive contrast with his aristocratic opponent, Democratic incumbent President Martin Van Buren

John Quincy Adams, elected president in 1825, was charged by his political opponents with having struck a "corrupt bargain" when he appointed ____ to become ____.
A.) John C. Calhoun, vice president
B.) William Crawford, chief justice of the United States
C.) Henry Clay, secretary of state
D.) Daniel Webster, secretary of state
E.) John Eaton, secretary of the navy

C.) Henry Clay, secretary of state

A.Andrew Jackson
B.Henry Clay
C.John Quincy Adams
D.William Crawford
1.finished third in the electoral vote in the presidential election of 1824 but was eliminated by illness
2.was elected president by the House of Representatives despite his weak popular appeal
3.threw his political support to the presidential candidate elected by the House of Representatives, inspiring charges of a "corrupt bargain"
4.finished first in the popular vote in the election of 1824 but lost in the House of Representatives

A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1

Andrew Jackson's administration supported the removal of Native Americans from the eastern states because
A.) the Indians assimilated too easily into white society.
B.) the Supreme Court ruled in favor of this policy.
C.) whites wanted the Indians' lands.
D.) Georgia and Florida tried to protect the Indians and their lands.
E.) they continued their attacks on white settlements.

C.) whites wanted the Indians' lands.

In an effort to assimilate themselves into white society, the Cherokees did all of the following except
A.) adopt a system of settled agriculture.
B.) develop a written constitution.
C.) become cotton planters.
D.) refuse to own slaves.
E.) develop a notion of private property.

D.) refuse to own slaves.

One major reason for the Anglo-Texan rebellion against Mexican rule was that the
A.) Mexicans opposed slavery.
B.) Mexican government refused to allow the "Old Three Hundred" to purchase land.
C.) Anglo-Texans wanted to break away from a government that had grown too authoritarian.
D.) Anglo-Texans objected to the Mexican government's establishment of evangelical Protestantism as Texas's official religion.
E.) Mexicans tried to establish slavery among the Americans.

C.) Anglo-Texans wanted to break away from a government that had grown too authoritarian.

A great deal of the cotton produced in the American South in the early nineteenth century was
A.) produced by free labor.
B.) sold to New England textile mills.
C.) grown on the Atlantic tidewater plains.
D.) consumed by the southern textile industry.
E.) exported to the Caribbean and West Indies for textile production.

B.) sold to New England textile mills.

All of the following are true statements about the relationship between Irish immigrants and U.S. citizens except
A.) the Irish were seen as wage-depressing competitors for jobs by many Protestant American workers.
B.) Nativist Americans from the middle and upper classes generally hated the Irish.
C.) the Irish often saw signs on factory gates that said "No Irish Need Apply."
D.) race riots between blacks and Irish were common.
E.) Irish immigrants became fiercely supportive of the abolitionist cause.

E.) Irish immigrants became fiercely supportive of the abolitionist cause.

As a result of the development of the cotton gin
A.) slavery revived and expanded.
B.) American industry bought more southern cotton than did British manufacturers.
C.) slavery declined in the importance of the development of the South's economy.
D.) the South diversified its economy.
E.) the textile industry moved to the South.

A.) slavery revived and expanded.

Between 1830 and 1860, nearly ____ million Irish arrived in America.
A.) 20
B.) 2
C.) 5
D.) 8
E.) 10

B.) 2

Construction of the Erie Canal
A.) forced some New England farmers to move or change occupations.
B.) showed how long-established local markets could survive a continental economy.
C.) helped farmers so much that industrialization was slowed.
D.) was completed without any financial support or expenditures from the state of New York.
E.) created political tensions between the Northeast and the Midwest.

A.) forced some New England farmers to move or change occupations.

Eli Whitney was instrumental in the invention of the
A.) steamboat.
B.) cotton gin.
C.) railroad locomotive.
D.) telegraph.
E.) repeating revolver.

B.) cotton gin.

A.Samuel Morse: 1.) telegraph
B.Cyrus McCormick: 2.) mower-reaper
C.Elias Howe: 4.) sewing machine
D.Robert Fulton: 3.) steamboat

A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3

Most early railroads in the United States were built in the
A.) North.
B.) Old South.
C.) lower Mississippi Valley.
D.) Far West.
E.) Appalachian Mountains.

A.) North.

Native-born Protestant Americans distrusted and resented the Irish immigrants for all of the following reasons except
A.) the Irish immigrants were financially poor and initially struggled to make economic gains in American society.
B.) the Irish immigrants were thought to love alcohol to excess.
C.) the Irish immigrants were proudly and openly Roman Catholic.
D.) the Irish immigrants constructed a network of parish schools that promoted and advanced Roman Catholicism in America.
E.) the Irish immigrants were very slow to learn American English and mostly spoke Gaelic in their urban neighborhoods.

E.) the Irish immigrants were very slow to learn American English and mostly spoke Gaelic in their urban neighborhoods.

The cult of domesticity
A.) was especially strong among rural women.
B.) resulted in more pregnancies for women.
C.) restricted women's moral influence on the family.
D.) glorified the traditional role of women as homemakers.
E.) All of these choices are correct.

D.) glorified the traditional role of women as homemakers.

The first major transportation project in the United States, which ran sixty-two miles and was completed in the 1790s, that proved to be a stimulus for western economic developments was the
A.) Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.
B.) National (Cumberland) Road.
C.) Erie Canal.
D.) St. Lawrence Seaway.
E.) Lancaster Turnpike.

E.) Lancaster Turnpike.

The overwhelming event for Ireland in the 1840s was
A.) the rebellion against British rule and potato famine.
B.) influx of immigrants from mostly Eastern European countries.
C.) the granting of limited home rule to most of Ireland by Great Britain.
D.) the migration from the countryside to the city.
E.) the increasing use of English instead of Gaelic.

A.) the rebellion against British rule and potato famine.

When the Irish flocked to the United States in the 1840s, they stayed in the larger seaboard cities because they
A.) preferred urban life.
B.) were offered high-paying jobs.
C.) were welcomed by the people living there.
D.) were too poor to move west and buy land.
E.) had experience in urban politics.

D.) were too poor to move west and buy land.

With the development of cash-crop agriculture in the trans-Allegheny West
A.) subsistence farming became common.
B.) farmers began to support the idea of slave labor.
C.) farmers quickly faced mounting indebtedness.
D.) the South could harvest a larger crop.
E.) the issue of farm surpluses came to the fore.

C.) farmers quickly faced mounting indebtedness.

Those nativists who were frightened by the rapid influx of Irish immigrants organized in 1849
A.) the Order of the Star-Spangled Banner.
B.) the "Molly Maguires."
C.) the Anti-Masonic party.
D.) the Ancient Order of Hibernians.
E.) the Ku Klux Klan.

A.) the Order of the Star-Spangled Banner.

All of the following are true statements about the workers in the Lowell factory system except
A.) they were virtually all New England farm girls.
B.) they were carefully supervised on and off the job by watchful matrons.
C.) they lived in company boardinghouses and were forbidden to form unions.
D.) they worked a maximum five days a week for eight hours a day.
E.) they labored under grueling working conditions.

D.) they worked a maximum five days a week for eight hours a day.

Early-nineteenth-century American families
A.) were becoming more loosely knit and less affectionate.
B.) usually included three generations in the same household.
C.) taught their children to be unquestioningly obedient.
D.) usually allowed parents to determine choice of marriage partners.
E.) were getting smaller.

E.) were getting smaller.

George Catlin advocated
A.) placing Indians on reservations.
B.) efforts to protect America's endangered species.
C.) continuing the rendezvous system.
D.) keeping white settlers out of the West.
E.) the preservation of nature as a national policy.

E.) the preservation of nature as a national policy.

In early-nineteenth-century America, the
A.) annual population growth rate was much higher than in colonial days.
B.) urban population was growing at an unprecedented rate.
C.) birthrate was rapidly declining.
D.) death rate was increasing.
E.) United States had become the most populous nation in the western world.

B.) urban population was growing at an unprecedented rate.

Life on the frontier was
A.) fairly comfortable for women but not for men.
B.) downright grim for most pioneer families.
C.) free of disease and premature death.
D.) rarely portrayed in popular literature.
E.) based on tight-knit communities.

B.) downright grim for most pioneer families.

A dark writer whose genres included poetry, horror stories, and detective fiction was
A.) Edgar Allan Poe.
B.) Herman Melville.
C.) Sherlock Holmes.
D.) Walt Whitman.
E.) Henry David Thoreau.

A.) Edgar Allan Poe.

According to John Humphrey Noyes, founder of the utopian Oneida Community, the key to happiness is
A.) acceptance of a sinful mankind.
B.) the suppression of selfishness.
C.) the abandonment of "free love" or complex marriages.
D.) liberal political reform.
E.) None of these choices are correct.

B.) the suppression of selfishness.

All of the following contributed to the appeal of the Second Great Awakening to women except
A.) it offered women an active role in bringing their husbands and families back to God.
B.) it encouraged women to enter into professions normally reserved for men in order to make these professional more ethical and morally upright.
C.) it provided a springboard for them to turn their attention to reforming society.
D.) it preached a gospel of female spiritual worth.
E.) it allayed women's concerns about the expanding market economy.

B.) it encouraged women to enter into professions normally reserved for men in order to make these professional more ethical and morally upright.

All the following are true of the Second Great Awakening except that it
A.) resulted in the conversion of countless souls.
B.) encouraged a variety of humanitarian reforms.
C.) strengthened democratic denominations like the Baptists and Methodists.
D.) was a reaction against the growing liberalism in religion.
E.) was not as large, democratic, or influential in terms of social reform as the First Great Awakening.

E.) was not as large, democratic, or influential in terms of social reform as the First Great Awakening.

Asone the greatest of the revivalist preachers, Charles Grandison Finney advocated
A.) opposition to slavery.
B.) a perfect Christian kingdom on earth.
C.) opposition to alcohol.
D.) public prayer by women.
E.) All of these choices are correct.

E.) All of these choices are correct.

Besides polygamy, characteristic behavior(s) of Mormons which angered many non-Mormon Americans in the 1840s was their
A.) belief in visions and a special spiritual role for America.
B.) constant movement toward the western frontier.
C.) refusal to take up arms and defend themselves.
D.) voting as a religious bloc and openly drilling their militia, alebit for defensive purposes.
E.) dislike of federal government control of their lives.

D.) voting as a religious bloc and openly drilling their militia, alebit for defensive purposes.

By the 1850s, the crusade for women's rights was eclipsed by
A.) the temperance movement.
B.) the movement to improve treatment and conditions for the mentally ill.
C.) abolitionism.
D.) prison reform advocates.
E.) evangelical revivalism.

C.) abolitionism.

Deists like Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin endorsed the belief
A.) in divine revelation.
B.) in original sin.
C.) in the deity of Christ.
D.) that a Supreme Being endowed human beings with a capacity for moral behavior.
E.) in the imminent end of the world.

D.) that a Supreme Being endowed human beings with a capacity for moral behavior.

Many of the denominational liberal arts colleges founded as a result of the Second Great Awakening
A.) were academically distinguished institutions.
B.) lacked much intellectual vitality.
C.) eventually gained tax-supported status.
D.) offered a new, nontraditional curriculum.
E.) opened their doors to Catholic students.

B.) lacked much intellectual vitality.

A.) Nathaniel Hawthorne: 3.) The Marble Faun
B.) James Fenimore Cooper: 2.) The Last of the Mohicans
C.) Herman Melville: 4.) Moby Dick
D.) Henry David Thoreau: 1.) Walden

A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1

New England reformer Dorothea Dix is most notable for her efforts on behalf of
A.) prison and asylum reform.
B.) the peace movement.
C.) the temperance movement.
D.) abolitionism.
E.) women's education.

A.) prison and asylum reform.

Religious revivals of the Second Great Awakening resulted in
A.) little increase in church membership.
B.) a stronger religious influence in many areas of American life including abolitionism and benevolent and charitable organizations.
C.) surprisingly few humanitarian reforms.
D.) greater attention to church history and doctrine.
E.) increase in enlightenment and rational religion.

B.) a stronger religious influence in many areas of American life including abolitionism and benevolent and charitable organizations.

The Hudson River school excelled in the art of painting
A.) portraits.
B.) classical frescos.
C.) still life.
D.) daguerreotypes.
E.) landscapes.

E.) landscapes.

The Mormon religion originated in
A.) Utah.
B.) New England.
C.) Nauvoo, Illinois.
D.) Ireland.
E.) the Burned-Over District of New York.

E.) the Burned-Over District of New York.

The original prophet of the Mormon religion was
A.) Ralph Waldo Emerson.
B.) Brigham Young.
C.) Charles G. Finney.
D.) William Miller.
E.) Joseph Smith.

E.) Joseph Smith.

Transcendentalists believed that all knowledge came through
A.) scientific observation and experiment.
B.) the senses.
C.) divine revelation.
D.) reason, logic, and critical thinking.
E.) an inner light.

E.) an inner light.

Unitarians endorsed the concept of
A.) the deity of Christ.
B.) original sin.
C.) free will and salvation through good works.
D.) predestination.
E.) the Bible as the norm of doctrine.

C.) free will and salvation through good works.

​Which of the following events prompted the Mormons to abandon their settlement at Nauvoo, Illinois and set out West to the valley of the Great Salt Lake?
​A.) Continuing vicious hostility by non-Mormon Americans including the murder of Mormon leader Joseph Smith and his brother
​B.) A vision by the Mormon angel Moroni to Brigham Young of a peaceful, bountiful, and safe refuge in the valley of the Great Salt Lake
​C.) The expectation that a lush, easily arable western enviornment awaited the Mormons in present-day Utah, which would not require or expensive and technologically sophisticated irrigation to grow crops
D.) A generous land grant by the federal government
​E.) All of these choices are correct.

​A.) Continuing vicious hostility by non-Mormon Americans including the murder of Mormon leader Joseph Smith and his brother

The Second Great Awakening partly reshaped American religion by making it
A.) more dependent on a college-educated clergy.
B.) more reliant on women as members and social reformers.
C.) less socially and theologically diverse.
D.) more sympathetic to hierarchical churches like Catholicism.
E.) more centered on the life of the local parish.

B.) more reliant on women as members and social reformers.

The excessive consumption of alcohol by Americans in the 1800s
A.) was addressed by the wide availability of private and government-sponsored alcoholism programs for alcoholics.
B.) did not involve women.
C.) held little threat for the family because everyone drank.
D.) had little impact on the efficiency of labor.
E.) stemmed from the hard, struggling, and monotonous life of many American men and women.

E.) stemmed from the hard, struggling, and monotonous life of many American men and women.