Chapter 13-Therapies

Psychological approach to therapy

says that the cause of your issues is your thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.

Biological approach to therapy

says that the cause of your issues is in the nervous system and/or genetics

Sociocultural approach to therapy

says that the cause of your issues is your relationships and world you are living in

Evidence-based practice

integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of client characteristics, culture, and preferences

Therapeutic alliance

the relationship between the therapist and client—an important element of successful psychotherapy

psychodynamic therapies

treatments that stress the importance of the unconscious mind, extensive interpretation by the therapist, and the role of early childhood experiences in the development of an individual’s problems

psychoanalysis

Freud’s therapeutic technique for analyzing an individual’s unconscious thoughts

Transference

a client’s relating to the psychoanalyst in ways that reproduce or relive important relationships in the client’s life

Resistance

a client’s unconscious defense strategies that prevent the person from gaining insight into their psychological problems

humanistic therapies

treatments that uniquely emphasize people’s self-healing capacities and that encourage clients to understand themselves and to grow personally

client-centered therapy

a form of humanistic therapy in which the therapist provides a warm, supportive atmosphere to improve the client’s self-concept and to encourage the client to gain insight into problems

reflective speech

a technique in which the therapist mirrors the client’s own feelings back to the client

unconditional positive regard

the therapist constantly recognizes the inherent value of the client, providing a context for personal growth and self-acceptance

behavior therapies

treatments, based on behavioral and social cognitive theories, that use principles of learning to reduce or eliminate maladaptive behavior

exposure therapy

psychological treatment that was developed to help people confront their fears by gradually and repeatedly facing the feared objects, activities, or situations to reduce fear and anxiety

systemic desensitization

a behavior therapy that treats anxiety by teaching the client to associate deep relaxation with increasingly intense anxiety-producing situations

cognitive therapies

treatments emphasizing that cognitions (thoughts) are the main source of psychological problems; therapies that attempt to change the individual’s feelings and behaviors by changing cognitions

cognitive restructuring

a general concept for changing a pattern of thought that is presumed to be causing maladaptive behavior or emotion

cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)

a therapy that combines cognitive therapy and behavior therapy with the goal of developing the client’s self-efficacy

biological therapies

treatments that reduce or eliminate the symptoms of psychological disorders by altering aspects of body functioning

antianxiety drugs

commonly known as tranquilizers, drugs that reduce anxiety by making individuals calmer and less excitable

antidepressant drugs

drugs that regulate mood

mood stabilizer drugs

medications used to treat bipolar disorder and other mental health conditions

antipsychotic drugs

powerful drugs that diminish agitated behavior, reduce tension, decrease hallucinations, improve social behavior, and produce better sleep patterns in individuals with a severe psychological disorder, especially schizophrenia

electroconvulsive therapy

also called shock therapy, a treatment, sometimes used for depression, that sets off a seizure in the brain

transcranial magnetic stimulation

a method like ECT that can be used to treat depression and other disorders by using a magnet to affect the brain

cross-cultural competence

a therapist’s assessment of their abilities to manage cultural issues in therapy and the client’s perception of those abilities

Alberta Banner Turner

Born in Chicago but moved to Columbus soon after. Grew up in Columbus and graduated from Ohio State University, being the first Black woman to earn a PhD at OSU. She became a clinical psychologist at the Ohio Bureau of Juvenile Research which is where she remained the rest of her career. She challenged racial segregation in Columbus and was able to abolish race-based admittance to theaters and restaurants in downtown Columbus.