Skeleton 2

Neural Cranium

Most Superior part of the skull, parietal and frontal lobes

Skull

Entire head WITH the mandible

Cranium

Head WITHOUT the mandible

Calvarium

Head except for face and mandible

Calotte

Very top of the skull, often cut to allow examination of the inside of the skull

Neurocranium

All the bones that hold your brain

Spandocranium

Bones of the face, includes mandible

Accessory Bones

Ear ossicles and hyoid

Inca

Triangular bone at the back of the skull, not everyone has it

Extrasutural Bones

Irregular bones that occur around sutures

Zigomaticomaxillary Suture

Suture between the zygomatic and maxillary bones

Frontalnasal Suture

Suture between the frontal and nasal bones

Sagittal Suture

Suture joining the two parietal bones

Coronal Suture

Suture joining the frontal bone with both parietal bones

Metopic Suture

Passes through the midline of the frontal halves, not present in adults

Lambdoid Suture

Joins occipital and parietal bones, names for the shape

Squamous Suture

Joins the temporal and parietal bones, overlaps instead of intertwining bones

Basilar Suture

Cartilidge joining the spheno and occipital bones

Tabula Externa

Compact bone on the exterior of the skull

Diploe

Trabecular bone inside the skull

Tabula Interna

Compact bone on the interior of the skull

Paranasal Sinuses

Air filled mucus lined chambers

Frontal Sinuses

Inside superciliary arch (above eye), occasionally visible when the Calotte is removed

Maxillary Sinus

Inside the cheekbone

Sphenoid Sinus

Inside sphenoid bone

Frontal Squama

Flat part of the frontal bone/forehead

Frontal Eminent

Primary ossification center of the frontal bone, sticks out of the forehead a bit

Superciliary Arch

Eyebrow ridge

Glabella

Midline between superciliary arches, protruding point

Superorbital Margin

Edge of the eye ridge

Superorbital Foreman/Notch

Where branch one of cranial nerve five passes through (CN V1) Frontal bone

Zygomatic Process

Where zygomatic attaches,

Temporal Line

From zygomatic process to the posterior of the skull, where temporals attaches, helps close jaw

Orbital Plates

Roof of the eye orbits

Lacrimal Fossa

Small depression for tear ducts

Ethmoidal Notch

Located on the midline between orbital plates

Mingeal Grooves

House the middle meninge arteries

Frontal Crest

Elevation in the saggittal success

Foramen Cecum

At the base of the frontal crest, hole allowing a vein to run to frontal sinus and superior sinus

Bregma

Intersection of coronal and sagittal sutures

Lambda

Intersection of sagittal and lambdoid sutures

Asterion

Intersection of lambdoid paramastoid and occipital mastoid

Parietal Foramen

Small holes near the sagittal suture

Parietal Tuber

Large bump on the parietal bones, primary ossification site

Superior/Inferior Temporal lines

Where temporals muscle attaches to the parietal bone

Parietal Straie

Striations along the inferior boarder of the parietal bone where it attaches to the temporal through the squamous suture

Sigmoid Sulcus

Impression of the sigmoid sinus

Occipital Bone

Unpaired, at the back of the head, goes through both types of ossification

Squamosal Portion

The whole back of the head (occipital)

Occipital Plane

Vertical portion of the back of the head

Nuchal Plane

Where the Occipital Bone slants towards the neck

Superior Nuchal Lines

Separate Occipital and nuchal planes of the occipital bone

Inron

Intersection of superior nuchal lines

External Occipital Crest

Attachment of nuchal ligament, hook shaped protrusion

Occipital Condyles

Kidney bean shaped site of bone attachment on either side of the foramen magnum

Jugular Foramen

Large hole created by the occipital and temporal bones joining, allows CN X and the jugular vein to pass through

Hypoglossal Canal

Hole anterior to the condylates right behind the jugular, allows CN XII and arteries to pass through

Baslar Synchrondous

Little rectangle on the occipital bone that attaches

Cruciform Eminence

Protruding cross area on the interior of the skull

Internal Occipital Protrubance

The horizontal line of the cruciform

Cerebral Fossae

Depression bellow the transverse sulci where the brain sits

Squama

Vertical part of the temporal bone

Temporal Bone

Bone on the side of the head, holds ear ossicles and soft tissue used for hearing

Zygomatic Process

Articulates with the Zygomatic notch to form the Zygomatic Foramen

Mandibular Fossa

Depression behind the zygomatic process, where mandible attaches

Postglenoid Process

Project of bone superior and anterior to the ear canal

Articular Eminence

Small bump on the anterior of the zygomatic process

Parietal Notch

Junction of squamous and parietalmastoid sutures, more visible on isolated Temporal bone

External Acoustic Meatus

External opening of the ear canal

Mastoid Process

Projection posterior and inferior to the ear canal

Mastoid Notch

Small opening close to the mastoid process, site for muscle attachment

Petrous Pyramid

The thickest part of the temporal lobe

Internal Acoustic Meatus

Inner ear canal entrance, transmits CN 7 + 8

Styloid Process

Most project area of temporal

Styloidmastoid Foramen

Hole near the styloid process, lateral to the jugular foramen

Carotid Canal

Hole anterior to the jugular foramen that houses the carotid artery

Tympanic Part

Forms External acoustic meatus

Mallus

Most lateral ear ossicle, looks like a mallet

Incus

Middle ear ossicle

Stapes

Most medial ear ossicle, looks like a Sturup

Sphenoid

Unpaired bone but is symmetrical, looks like a butterfly

Sphenoid Body

Holds the Sphenoid sinus

Greater Wings

Thin projection that makes up most of the surface area of the Sphenoid bone

Lesser Wings

The more medial wings that sit right above the body of the Sphenoid

Pterygoid Planes

The toothpick like projections

Optic Canal

Where the optic nerve travels through the sphenoid

Sella Turicia

Saddle shaped depression in the body of the sphenoid

Pituitary Fossa

Deepest part of the Sella Turicia

Anterior Clinoid Process

Tip of the lesser wings of the sphenoid

Superior Orbital Fissure

Gap between the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid, hard to see from a superior angle but looks round from inferior, CN 3,4,5₁, and 6

Foramen Rotndum

Hole bellow the superior orbital fissure, houses CN 5₂

Foramen Ovale

Oval shaped hole in the sphenoid housing CN V₃

Foramen Spinosum

Tiny hole on the sphenoid near the basal suture

Orbital Surface

Made up of the greater wing of the Sphenoid and the frontal bone, what you see while looking into the eye gap

Pterygoid Process

A pair of projections on the sphenoid that extend to the maxilla

Pterygoid Hamalus

Hook like process on the inferior tip of the pterygoid plates

Cribiform Plate

Olefactory Nerve (CN I)

Optic Canal

Optic Nerve (CNII)

Superior Orbital Fissure

Oculomotor (CNIII), Trochlear (CNIV), Trigeminal: Ophthalmic (CNV₁), Abducens (CNVI),

Supraorbital Notch/Foramen

Ophthalmic (CNV₁)