Higher Human Biology 2.8 - Blood Glucose Levels and Obesity

Adrenal Glands

Glands located above the kidneys which release the hormone adrenalin

Adrenaline

Hormone that stimulates the release of glucose from glycogen during stress or exercise. (Also increases heart rate)

Body Mass Index (BMI)

A measure of body weight relative to height \n \n Equation: Body mass (kg) / height (m) squared

Glucagon

Hormone produced by pancreas that stimulates the conversion of glycogen into glucose in the liver

Glucose Tolerance Test

Diagnostic test for diabetes in which blood glucose level is measured after drinking a glucose solution

Glycogen

Storage carbohydrate located in liver and muscle tissues

Homeostasis

Maintenance of a steady state in the cells of a living organism

Insulin

Hormone produced by the pancreas that stimulates the conversion of glucose into glycogen in the liver

Obesity

Extremely overweight condition; having excess body fat in relation to lean tissue

Peripheral Nerve Dysfunction

Result in damage to peripheral nerves which can cause weakness, numbness and pain in hands and feet

Type 1 Diabetes

Condition in which an individual is unable to regulate blood sugar level due to lack of the hormone insulin. Usually develops in childhood and is treated with insulin injections and controlling diet

Type 2 Diabetes

Condition in which an individual is unable to regulate blood sugar level because cells, especially in the liver, are unresponsive to insulin. Develops later in life to due poor lifestyle choices and is treated by changes to diet and exercise