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Aileron Roll
Entry Airspeed:
Torque:
Attitude:
Altitude Required:
Energy Gain/Loss:
FCP Visual Reference:
Entry Airspeed: 180-220
Torque: 80-MAX
Attitude: Wings-level Entry, 20-30 degrees nose-high pitch
Altitude Required: +1000
Energy Gain/Loss: Neutral
FCP Visual Reference: Corner of front windscreen on the horizon to start roll.
Barrel Roll
Entry Airspeed:
Torque:
Attitude:
Altitude Required:
Energy Gain/Loss:
FCP Visual Reference:
Entry Airspeed: 200-220
Torque: 80-MAX
Attitude: Entry: Wings Level
Altitude Required: +2000 / -1000
Energy Gain/Loss: Neutral
FCP Visual Reference: Reference point at or near the corner of front windscreen.
Chandelle
Entry Airspeed:
Torque:
Attitude:
Altitude Required:
Energy Gain/Loss:
FCP Visual Reference:
Entry Airspeed: 200-250
Torque: MAX
Attitude: Entry: wings-level, 15 degrees nose low. Exit: Wings level, 45 degrees nose high
Altitude Required: +3000
Energy Gain/Loss: Gaining
FCP Visual Reference: Bottom edge of canopy on horizon at entry.
Feet on horizon (45 degrees nose high) at exit.
Cloverleaf
Entry Airspeed:
Torque:
Attitude:
Altitude Required:
Energy Gain/Loss:
FCP Visual Reference:
Entry Airspeed: 200-220
Torque: 80-MAX
Attitude: Wings level for pull-up and pull through
Altitude Required: +3000 / -1000
Energy Gain/Loss: Slightly Losing
FCP Visual Reference: Wingtips equidistant from horizon in pull-up.
Feet on horizon when 45 degrees nose high.
Cuban Eight
Entry Airspeed:
Torque:
Attitude:
Altitude Required:
Energy Gain/Loss:
FCP Visual Reference:
Entry Airspeed: 230-250
Torque: MAX
Attitude: Wings level to horizon throughout maneuver
Altitude Required: +3000
Energy Gain/Loss: Neutral
FCP Visual Reference: Wingtips equidistant from horizon in pull-up. Seat on horizon when 45 NL inverted.
Immelmann
Entry Airspeed:
Torque:
Attitude:
Altitude Required:
Energy Gain/Loss:
FCP Visual Reference:
Entry Airspeed: 230-250
Torque: MAX
Attitude: Wings level to horizon before and after half roll at top
Altitude Required: +3000
Energy Gain/Loss: Gaining
FCP Visual Reference: Wingtips equidistant from horizon in pull-up.
Lazy Eight
Entry Airspeed:
Torque:
Attitude:
Altitude Required:
Energy Gain/Loss:
FCP Visual Reference:
Entry Airspeed: 200-220
Torque: 50%-60%
Attitude: Entry: Wings level, 90 degrees MAX bank, 45 degrees MAX nose-high pitch
Altitude Required: +2000 / -1000
Energy Gain/Loss: Neutral
FCP Visual Reference: Bottom foot on or slightly above horizon at top of leaf, feet splitting horizon as you come through horizon, top foot on horizon at bottom of leaf
Loop
Entry Airspeed:
Torque:
Attitude:
Altitude Required:
Energy Gain/Loss:
FCP Visual Reference:
Entry Airspeed: 230-250
Torque: MAX
Attitude: Wings level to horizon throughout maneuver
Altitude Required: +3000
Energy Gain/Loss: Neutral
FCP Visual Reference: Wingtips equidistant from horizon in pull-up
Split-S
Entry Airspeed:
Torque:
Attitude:
Altitude Required:
Energy Gain/Loss:
FCP Visual Reference:
Entry Airspeed: 120-140
Torque: Idle-80%
Attitude: Entry: 20 degrees nose high. Wings level before and throughout pull
Altitude Required: +500 / -2000 (75%)
-2500 (Idle)
Energy Gain/Loss: Losing
FCP Visual Reference: Wingtips equidistant from horizon in pull-up.
Seat on horizon when 45 degrees nose low, inverted.
Power-On Stalls
Entry Airspeed:
Torque:
Attitude:
Altitude Gained:
FCP Visual Reference:
Airspeed - As required to achieve desired pitch, power, and bank. (Entry airspeed of 160 KIAS results in 1,500 - 2,000 ft altitude gain)
Power - Entry: 30-60 percent torque. Recovery: MAX.
Pitch - Entry: 15-40 degrees nose high.
Bank - 0 degrees for straight-ahead stall, 20-30 degrees for a turning stall.
FCP visual reference - Entry: crook of front windscreen on horizon.
Recovery: initially firelight on horizon, then as required to MAX perform aircraft.
ELP Stall
Airspeed:
Power:
FCP Visual References:
Airspeed - Clean, 125 KIAS. Configured, 120 KIAS.
Power - 4-6 percent torque.
FCP visual reference (recovery) - Clean, one-half prop arc on the horizon. Configured, prop arc on the horizon.
Traffic Pattern Stalls
Airspeed.
Final turn setups; 120 KIAS (minimum).
Landing attitude setup: 5-10 knots above final approach airspeed commensurate with flap setting.
Power.
Final turn setup: 10-15 percent torque.
To induce stall: zero percent torque.
Recovery: MAX.
Gear. Down.
Flaps. LDG, TO, and UP.
Bank.
Initial turn: 30 degrees.
Landing attitude stall: 0 degrees.
Slow Flight
Airspeed:
Flaps:
Gear:
Flaps:
Airspeed - Flaps landing: 80-85 KIAS. Flaps TO: 85-90 KIAS. Flaps UP: 90-95 KIAS.
Gear - Down.
Flaps - As desired.
Stability Demonstration
Airspeed:
Power:
Attitude:
Altitude Required:
Recover:
Airspeeds - Entry: 160 KIAS. Recovery: 80 KIAS or stick shaker.
Power - Entry: 60 percent torque. Recovery: idle.
Attitude - Raise the nose to 40-45 degrees pitch attitude wings level.
Altitude Required - 2000 feet above entry.
Recover - Select idle power and neutralize controls, avoid 0 +/- 0.25 Gs.
Intentional Spin Entry for (Emphasizing Near Steady State Spin Recognition and Recovery) and (Emphasizing Departure Recognition and Recovery)
Airspeed:
Power:
Pitch:
Flight Controls:
Airspeeds - Initiate entry: 120 KIAS (minimum). Spin entry: approximately 80 KIAS.
Power - Idle.
Pitch - 15 to 40 degrees.
Flight controls at spin entry:
Rudder - Full deflection in spin direction.
Elevator - Full aft stick.
Ailerons - Neutral.