Math Vocab for Midterm Exam 2023 (copy)

Standard form

ax +by = c

Slope

m= (y2-y1)/(x2-x1)

Y-intercept

where a line crosses the y axis

X-intercept

where a line crosses the x axis

Slope-intercept form

y=mx+b

Slope-point form

y=m(x-x0) + y0

Augmented Matrix

ex

• 0 -9 7 5

• 1 7 0 1

• 1 0 -3 8

rows

left - right

columns

up - down

dimension

form or shape of something

Reduced Row Echelon Form

ex - simplified matrix

• 1 0 0 4

• 0 1 0 2

• 0 0 1 6

Mean

aka average (add, divide)

Median

in the middle

Maximum

most/highest value

Minimun

least/lowest value

Range

the difference between the max and min of a data set

Standard Deviation

a quantity calculated to indicate the extent of deviation for a group as a whole

Q1

lower 25th percentile of data

Q3

upper 75th percentile of data

Histogram

Dot Plot

Box Plot

Line Plot

Uniform

all the same

Symmetric

same on both sides

Left-skewed

Right-skewed

Unimodal

has one mode

Bimodal

has two modes

Scatter Plot

Form

idk

Direction

right or left?

Strength

where are there the most data points of a set

Correlation coefficient

a number between -1 and 1 that tells you the strength and direction of a relationship between variables

Line of Best Fit

a best guess of a rate of change for a data set

Normal Distribution

Z-score

total of normal distribution

Independent events

one event does not affect the other

Disjoint events

they do not overlap

Venn Diagram

Pascal’s Triangle

Combination

(n over k) = n!/k!(n-k)!

Permutation

(n over k)

Degree

the exponent x^1 x², x³, etc.

Linear, quadratic, cubic

Linear (x), quadratic (x²), cubic (x³)

Leading term

ex. 5x^7 - 4x³ + x² - 7x + 3

ans: 5x^7 → has highest degree in function

Leading coefficient

ex. 5x^7 - 4x³ + x² - 7x + 3

ans: 5

Constant

ex. 5x^7 - 4x³ + x² - 7x + 3

ans: 3 → does not have an x next to it

Roots

where a line crosses or touches the x axis; zeros

Multiplicity

the number of times a given factor appears in the factored form of the equation of a polynomial

Standard form

f(x)=ax²+bx+c

Root form

y=a(x-r1)(x-r2)

End behavior

this describes what the graph of a function looks like as approaches positive or negative infinity

Index

a small number that tells us how many times a term has been multiplied by itself

Holes

missing points (cancel out)

roots (rat. function)

left over factors in the numerator

Vertical asymptotes

remaining factors in the denominator

Horizontal asymptote

3 cases

1. x²/x³ → y=0

2. 2x²/x² → y=2

3. need long division

Domain

the set of values that we are allowed to plug into our function