muscles

frontalis

lift eyebrow

temporalis

elevates and retract jaw, mastication

orbicularis oculi

blinking

orbicularis oris

close and protrude lips

masseter

mastication

bucinnator

compress cheek and mastication

rectus abdominis

flex trunk, hip and spine, contract abdominal cavity

oblique muscle

flex and rotate trunk

aponeurosis/ rectus sheath

Encloses the rectus abdominis and pyramidalis muscles. They act as attachment sites for these muscles and allowing them to work in unison.

pectoralis major

adduction, medial rotation, flexion

trapezius

elevation, depression, retraction, upward rotation of scapula

latissimus dorsi

Adducts, medially rotates, and extends arm at glenohumeral (shoulder) joint.

serratus anterior

hold scapula close to rib cage& bring scapula forward around it

protraction and upward rotation

erector spinae

straightening the vertebral column

deltoid

abduction, flexion, extension

rotator cuff muscles

stabilize shoulder joint

biceps brachii

3 tendons

Supinates forearm; flexes forearm at elbow joint, most effectively when the forearm is supinated.

brachialis

under biceps, share common tendon

long head of biceps

Supinates forearm; flexes forearm at elbow joint, most effectively when the forearm is supinated.

triceps brachii

extension of elbow joint, stablize shoulder joint

forearm flexor

pronation (14), wrist flexor, digits flexor (23)

superficial group of forearm extensor

wrist extensor, digits extensor

deep group of forearm extensor

supination, digits extensor

brachioradialis

located in the forearm, and flexes forearm at elbow joint

thenar muscle

flex the thumb at its metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joints
abduct the thumb at its carpometacarpal joint
oppose the thumb towards the fingers.

hypothenar muscle

abduct the little finger at its metacarpophalangeal joint; - flex the little finger at its metacarpophalangeal joint; - oppose the little finger towards the thumb;

dorsal interossei

muscles located in the hand that abduct the fingers away from the midline.

palmar interossei

muscles located in the hand that adduct the fingers towards the midline.

lumbricals

muscles in the hand that flex the metacarpophalangeal joints while extending the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints.

precision grip

by short muscles of hand

power grip

by long flexor tendons of the hand

synovial sheath

a protective covering that surrounds tendons in the hand and wrist, allowing for smooth movement.

fibrous flexor sheath

a connective tissue structure that encases tendons, keeping the tendons fixed in place on the bone, providing support and stability.

gluteus maximus

largest muscle in body, extensor of hip joint

hamstrings

a group of three muscles located at the back of the thigh, responsible for flexing the knee and extending the hip.

sartorius

Flexes and medially rotates leg at knee joint; assists in flexion, abduction and lateral rotation of thigh at hip joint. longest muscle

quadriceps femoris

extend knee joint and flex hip joint.

adductors

a group of muscles located in the inner thigh, responsible for adducting the hip and stabilizing the leg.

gracillis

a long, thin muscle in the inner thigh that assists in flexing the knee and adducting the hip.

gastrocnemius

a major calf muscle that flexes the knee and plantar flexes the foot.

achilles tendon

a strong band of tissue that connects the calf muscles to the heel bone, enabling walking, running, and jumping.

soleus

a broad muscle located beneath the gastrocnemius that also aids in plantar flexion of the foot.

tibialis posterior

inversion of foot

toes flexor, great toe flexor

muscles responsible for flexing the toes and assisting in maintaining balance and stability while walking.