NERVOUS SYSTEM exam 3

All cells are ____ charged

Naturally

Nervous tissue uses….

Electrical charge for rapid communication

Three basic functions are?

Receive sensory input (Monitor changes inside and outside the body)

Integration (processes and interprets sensory input)

Motor output (causes a response by activating effector organs) muscle or gland

PNS =

Nerves and ganglia (rest of body)

CNS =

Brain and spinal cord

Spinal nerves =

Nerves that transmit signals to and from the spinal cord

Spinal nerve is connected to

Spinal ganglia

Cranial nerves

Nerves that transmit signals to and from the brain

Cranial nerves are also connected to the..

Cranial ganglia

Functional divisions are…

All connected

Afferent (sensory) carries impulses to _____

CNS

Somatic sensory =

Monitors external anvirnment, skin, body wall, limbs

Visceral sensory=

Monitors visceral ORGANS

Efferent motor

Carries impulses to effector organs

Somatic motor

Voluntary - to skeletal muscle

Visceral motor

Involuntary- autonomic nervous system

To cardiac and smooth muscle, glands

Sympathetic

Fight or flight

Parasympathetic

Rest and digest

Neurons are ______

Nerve cells

Neurons are only found in nerves

False

The function of neurons are rapid transmission and integration of signals

True

Longest living cells in the body

Neurons

Specialized for conducting electrical impulses

Neurons

Cell body is also known as the

Some

Soma contains…

The nucleus

Dendrites recieve signals from ____

Other neurons

_____ send signals to the cell body

Dendrites

You’re running from a bear which nervous system(s) are likely used?

Autonomic nervous system and somatic motor nervous system

Multipolar neuron

Axon is also known as _____

A nerve fiber

Nerve fibers receive signals from …..

Axon hillock cell of body

Axon terminals transmit signal to….

Other neurons

Myelin sheath is made of _____

Glial cells

Myelin sheaths _______ axons from eachother

Insulates

Myelin sheaths _____ signals

Speed up

Nodes of raniver are _____ in myelin

Gaps

Multiple sclerosis is a ____ of the _____

Disease , CNS

Multiple sclerosis results in damage to ______ and _____

Myelin , axons

Synapse is a site of ____ to ____ communication

Neuron , neuron

Most _______ are chemical, using a neurotransmitter that diffuses across synaptic cleft (some are electrical)

Synapse

Some _______ are electrical using gap junctions

Synapses

Sensory neurons are _______ neurons

Afferent neurons

Sensory neurons make up the sensory division of the ____

PNS

The axon terminal is typically in the CNS in the ____ neurons

Sensory

Motor neurons are ____ neurons

Efferent

Motor neurons carry the signal ____ CNS to _____

From , effector

Motor neurons make up _______ of the _____

Motor division , PNS

The cell body is typically the CNS in the _____

Motor neurons

_______ are between sensory and motor neurons

Interneurons

_____ are found entirely within the CNS

Interneurons

Multipolar neurons have most _____

Neurons

Multipolar processes

Many dendrites, 1 axon

Bipolar processes

One axon, one fused dendrite

_____ are found in some sensory organs

Bipolar

Unipolar processes

Receptive endings, no dendrites

Typical sensory neurons

Unipolar neurons (pseudounipolar)

Axon with peripheral and central processes

Unipolar

Supporting cells also known as ____

Neuroglia or glia

Neuroglia or glia ________ send nervous signals

Don’t

Continue dividing through life

Neuroglia or glia

Tumors of glial cells (most brain cancers)

Gliomas

Oligodendrocytes

Forms myelin sheath

Mono synaptic reflex arch (2 neurons) allows the body to recieve sensory input and respond with a rapid motor output. Which wouldn’t contain any ….

Interneurons

Astrocytes are most ____

Abundant

_____ wraps around capillaries

Astrocytes

_____ controls environment around neurons

Astrocytes

Immune cells

Microglia

Lines fluid-filled cavities —propels fluid

Ependymal cells

Bipolar has ____ connection(s) to soma

2

Multipolar has ______ connection(s) to soma

3+

Unipolar has ____ connection(s) to soma

1

Sesnory neuron = ______polar

Unipolar

Multipolar neurons are good for _____ (most common type)

Multipolar neuron

_____ is found in the PNS only

Schwann cells

Schwann cells forms _______

Myelin sheath

________ controls environment around neuron cell bodies

Satellite cells

Group of axons traveling together in the PNS =

Nerve

Astrocytes are found in the ______

CNS

Satellite cells are found in the

PNS

______ surrounds the axon

Endoneurium

_________ surrounds each subgroup of axons

Perinerium

__________ wraps around outside of nerve

Epineurium

_______ is a subgroup of axons

Fascicle

Each _____ contains the axons of many neurons

nerve

Axons are also called _____

Nerve fibers

Axons carry signals ______ the axon terminals

Toward

Most nerves carry signals ______ directions (not cranial nerves)

Both

______ = collection of neuron cell bodies in the PNS

Ganglion

_____ = two general types of nervous tissue in the CNS

Grey and white matter

______ matter = myelinated axons only

White

________ matter = unmyelinated axons, dendrites, cell bodies

Grey

_________ = collection of axons traveling together inside the CNS

Tract

Tract = ________ matter

White

__________ = collection of neuron cell bodies inside the CNS

Nucleus

Nucleus = ________ matter

Gray

Myelin is breaking down in the brain, debris is removed and myelin is replaced. Whats involved in this?

Oligodendrocytes

Microglia

Neural tubes in the brain are _______

Fluid filled

Prosencephalon is in the _______

Forebrain

Mesencephalon is in the ________

Midbrain