muscles of the lower limb + fascia

anterior compartment of the thigh

quadriceps

muscles:

• rectus femoris

• vastus lateralis

• vastus medialis

• vastus intermedius

• sartorius

overall action: hip flexion, knee extension

posterior compartment of the thigh

hamstrings

muscles:

• biceps femoris

• semitendinosus

• semimembranosus

overall action: leg flexion at knee joint

medial compartment of the thigh

adductors

muscles:

• pectineus

• gracilis

• adductor magnus

• adductor brevis

• adductor longus

• obturator externus

overall action: adduction of thigh at hip joint

anterior compartment of the leg

extensor compartment

muscles:

• tibialis anterior

• extensor digitorum longus

• extensor hallucis longus

• fibularis tertius

overall action: dorsiflexion and inversion

superficial posterior compartment of the leg

flexor compartment

muscles:

• gastrocnemius

• soleus

• plantaris

overall action: plantarflexion

deep posterior compartment of the leg

muscles:

• popliteus

• flexor digitorum longus

• tibialis posterior

• flexor hallucis longus

overall action: toe flexion, plantarflexion, inversion

lateral compartment of the leg

muscles:

• fibularis longus

• fibularis brevis

overall action: foot eversion

iliacus

O: iliac crest

I: lesser trochanter of the femur
A: flexes trunk, flexes thigh at hip joint

psoas major

O: L1-L5 vertebrae, T12-L5 vertebrae

I: lesser trochanter of the femur
A: flexes thigh at hip joint

rectus femoris

O: anterior inferior iliac spine

I: tibial tuberosity
A: hip flexion, knee extension

vastus lateralis

O: intetrochanteric line, greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera

I: tibial tuberosity
A: extension of the knee

vastus intermedius

O: femur body

I: tibial tuberosity
A: knee extension

vastus medialis

O: intertrochanteric line of femur, extending to medial supracondylar line

I: tibial tuberosity
A: extension of the knee

sartorius

O: anterior superior iliac spine

I: tibial tuberosity
A:

• flexes and medially rotates leg at knee joint

• flexion, abduction and lateral rotation at hip joint

pectineus

O: superior pubic ramus

I: pectineal line of femur
A: hip adduction

adductor longus

O: pubic bone

I: midpoint of femur (linea aspera)
A: hip adduction

adductor magnus

O: inferior pubic ramus + ischial tuberosity

I: femur
A:

• hip adduction

• hip flexion

• hip flexion

adductor brevis

O: inferior pubic ramus

I: femur/linea aspera
A: hip adduction

obturator externus

O: external surface of obturator foramen

I: greater trochanter
A: lateral rotation of hip

obturator internus

O: internal surface of obturator foramen

I: greater trochanter
A: lateral rotation of hip/transversely ABducts thigh

gracilis

O: pubis (inferior pubic ramus)

I: tibia
A: hip adduction

biceps femoris

O: ischial tuberosity, posterior femur

I: fibula
A: hip extension, knee flexion

semimembranosus

O: ischial tuberosity

I: medial condyle of tibia
A: hip extension, knee flexion

semitendinosus

O: ischial tuberosity

I: proximal part of tibia
A: hip extension, knee flexion

tibialis anterior

O: anterior tibia

I: first metatarsal bone
A: dorsiflexion, inversion

extensor digitorum longus

O: tibia (lateral condyle), part of fibula

I: dorsal side of the middle and distal phalanges
A: extend toes (except big toe), dorsiflexion of ankle

extensor hallucis longus

O: fibula

I: dorsal aspect of big toe
A: extending big toe, dorsiflexion of ankle joint

fibularis longus

O: fibula

I: plantar surface of medial cuneiform bone and base of first metatarsal bone
A: foot eversion

fibularis brevis

O: fibula

I: 5th metatarsal bone
A: foot eversion

gastrocnemius

O: femur (medial and lateral condyles)

I: blends to calcaneal/achilles tendon to calcaneus
A: plantarflexion, knee flexion

soleus

O: fibula, tibula

I: calcaneal tendon
A: plantarflexion

plantaris

O: femur (lateral)

I: calcaneus (posterior)
A: flexion at knee joint, plantarflexion

popliteus muscle

O: lateral side of lateral condyle of femur

I: posterior surface of tibia
A: medially rotates the knee, UNLOCKS knee at beginning of knee flexion

flexor digitorum longus

O: posterior tibia

I: plantar aspects of distal phalanges
A: toe flexion, plantarflexion

flexor hallucis muscle

O: posterior fibula

I: plantar aspect of base of distal phalanx of big toe
A: flexes big toe, plantarflexion

tibialis posterior

O: posterior surface of tibia and fibula, and interosseous muscle of leg

I: plantar base
A: plantarflexion, inversion

fascia lata

fascia

• thigh

• encases thigh muscles

• forms part of IT band

camper’s fascia

fascia

• anterior abdominal wall

• superficial

scarpa’s fascia

fascia

• anterior abdominal wall

• deep

gluteal fascia

fascia

• butt

• covering gluteal muscles

crural fascia

fascia

• between knee, ankle, and deep fascia

pedal fascia

fascia

• foot

plantar fascia

fascia

• sole of the foot - calcaneus to digits

popliteal fascia

fascia

• behind the knee

• continuous with crural fascia and fascia lata

flexor retinaculum

retinaculum

• medial side of the ankle (tibial malleolus to calcaneus)

• holds flexor tendons, blood vessels, tibial nerve

• Y shaped

extensor retinaculum

retinaculum

• anterior side of ankle

• stabilizes tendons of extensors

1. superior

2. inferior

fibular retinaculum

retinaculum

• lateral side of the outer ankle

• stabilizes fibularis longus and fibularis brevis tendons in place as they pass behind the lateral malleolus

fibularis tertius

O: medial surface of fibula
I: fifth metatarsal bone

A: dorsiflexion and plantarflexion