Bones: Structure, types, and bone cells (Vocabulary)

Vocabulary flashcards covering bone tissue types, bone shapes, bone marrow components, and bone cells from the notes.

Bone

Living tissue that makes up the body's skeleton.

Compact tissue

Hard outer layer of bone.

Cancellous tissue

Spongy, porous inner bone tissue.

Subchondral tissue

Smooth tissue at the ends of bones, overlain by cartilage.

Cartilage

Flexible connective tissue covering bone ends to reduce friction and absorb shock.

Marrow

Soft tissue inside bones where blood cells form and are stored.

Hematopoietic

Cells in bone marrow that produce red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Osteoblast

Bone-forming cells on the bone surface; form new bone, remodel with age, and heal damaged bone.

Osteoclast

Cells within bone that dissolve, reabsorb, and remove unwanted bone tissue.

Osteocyte

Cells embedded in bone that maintain living bone tissue.

Fat cells

Adipocytes found in bone marrow.

Long bones

Bones that are longer than they are wide (e.g., femur, forearm).

Short bones

Cube-like bones such as those in the wrist and ankle.

Flat bones

Thin, flattened bones like the skull.

Irregular bones

Bones with complex shapes, such as the spine.

Axial bones

Bones of the skull, hyoid, auditory ossicles, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum.

Appendicular bones

Bones of the limbs and girdles: arms, shoulders, wrists, hands, legs, hips, ankles, and feet.

Sesamoid bones

Small bones formed within tendons.

206 bones

Total number of bones in the adult human skeleton (teeth and some sesamoid bones are not included in this count).

Functions of bones

Provide shape and support, protect organs, store minerals, and house bone marrow for blood cell formation.