Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
Expirementation
Investigator manipulates one or more factors (I.V) to observe effect of mental processes (D.V)
-Infer cause + effect
I.V
Factor being manipulated
D.V
Outcome factor: Variable that can change based on response to I.V
Confounding Variable
Another factor besides I.V that can affect results of the expirement
Expiremental Group
Exposed to one version of I.V
Contorl Group
Not exposed to variable
Random Assignment
Randomly assigned to EG or CG
Placebo Effect
Given a âfakeâ treatment & still having a reaction
Double-Blind Procedure
Both the participants + investigators are blind about whether the participants got the placebo or treatment
Validity
Experiment does what its supposed to
Naturalistic Obv
Record behavior in natural setting with any interfering
Survey
Look at many cases in less depth; representative random sample
Correlational Studies
Correlation is the measure of the extent to which 2 variables change together (DO NOT INFER CAUSE & EFFECT); detect naturally occoruing relationships
Correlation Coefficient
Relationship between 2 variables; Positive: 2 sets of variables rise/fall together Negative: 1 variable goes down, other goes up
Scatter Plots
Cluster of dots that reveal patterns of correlation between 2 variables
Illusory Causation
Perception of a relationship, where none exists
Case Studies
Examines one individual or group in depth trying to reveal things that are universal about a population
Operational Def
Should allow for the original theory to be replicated with new participants or materials
Mean
Mathematical average scores (7+3=10/2=5)
Mode
Most occuring score
Median
Middle scores in a group of data
Standard Deviation
How much scores vary around the mean score
BioPsychoSocial
Biological, Psychological & Social-Cultural systems can impact someoneâs behavior or mental processes
Behavioral Psych
How we learn observable responses
Biological Psych
How the body and brain enable emotions & memories & sensory experiences
Cognitive Psych
how we encode, process, store & retrieve info
Evolutionary psych
How natural selection of traits promotes survival of genes
Humanistic Psych
How we achieve personal growth & self-fulfillment
Psychodynamic
How behavior springs from unconscious thoughts & childhood experiences and how to use this to treat psychological perspectives
Social-Cultural
How situations & culture affect our behavior and thinking
Neurons
Building blocks for our bodys info system (N.S)
Soma
Contains genetic info, maintains neuron structure + provides energy
Dendrites
Receive & process signals from axons of other neurons
Axon
Joins the body at axon hillock
Myelin Sheath
Insulates some axons & speeds up their impulses
Nervous System
CNS & PNS
CNS
Brain & Spinal Cord
PNS
Sensory & motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body + transit info
Made up of Somatic & Autonomic Nervous Systems
Somatic N.S
Controls skeletal muscles; voluntary
Autonomic N.S
Controls glands & muscles of internal organs; involuntary
Made up of Sympathetic & Parasympathetic N.S
Sympathetic N.S
Arouses body in stressful situations
Parasympathetic N.S
Calms body & conserves energy
Sensory Neurons
Allow us to perceive & respond to various stimuli from our env & within our bodies (afferent neuron)
Motor Neurons
Play a role in movement; voluntary & involuntary (efferent neuron)
Interneurons
Pass signals from sensory neurons + other interneurons to motor neurons + other interneurons
Reflex Arc
Pathway that allows for the reflex action to occur quickly, without the need for conscious thoughts/decision making
Brainstem âhindbrainâ
Where nerves from each opposite side of the brain connect with the bodyâs opposite side; controls heartbeat & breathing
-includes medulla
Consists of: Thalamus + Cerebellum
Thalamus
Brains sensory control center BESIDES for smell
-sensory info passes through here
Cerebellum
Processes sensory input, coordinates movement & balance & enables nonverbal learning & memory
Limbic System âMid Brainâ
Associated with emotion & drives
Consists of: Amygdala, Hippocampus, Hypothalamus
Amygdala
Linked to emotion; agression & fear
Hypothalamus
Monitors state of body to keep it regulated; linked to emotion & reward
-Controlled by pituitary gland; to release hormones
Hippocampus
Processes conscious memories
Cerebrum âForebrainâ
Made up of : Cerebral Cortex, 4 Lobes
Cerebral Cortex
Ultimate control & information processing center
Frontal Lobe
involved in speaking, muscle movement, making plans & judgements
Parietal Lobe
Involved in recieveing sensory input for touch & body position
Occipital Lobe
Recieving info from vision fields
Temporal Lobe
Receiving auditory info from opposite ear; hearing
Hypnosis
Extreme self focus and attention in which minimal attention is given to external stimuli
-Subject responds to another persons (Hypnotists) suggestions that certain perceptions, feelings and behaviors will spontaneously occur
Posthypnotatic Suggestion
A suggestion made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after session is over
Depressants
Calm neural activity & slow body functions
ex: Larger doses of alcohol can cause slow reactions & slurred speech
Stimulants
Excite neural functions & speed up body functions
ex: Caffeine causes alertness & wakefulness, high doses can cause anxiety
Hallucinogens
Distort perception & evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input
ex: Marijuana amplifies sensitivity to colors, sounds, tastes & smells