• Animal Characteristics

  • Heterotrophs

    • Must ingest others for nutrients

  • Multicellular

    • Complex bodies

  • No cell walls

    • Allows active movement

  • Sexual reproduction

    • No alteration of generation

    • No haploid gametophyte

• Body Cavity

  • Space for organ system development

    • Increase digestive and reproductive systems

    • Increase gamete production

  • Coelem

    • Mesoderm and endoderm

    • Allows complex structures to develop in digestive system

• Invertebrate: Porifera

  • Sponges

    • No distinct tissues or organs

      • Do have specialized cells

    • No symmetry

    • Sessile

      • No adults

• Invertebrate: Cnidaria

  • Jellyfish, hydra, sea anemone, coral

    • Tissues, but no organs

    • Two cell layers

    • Radial symmetry

    • Predators

      • Tentacles surround gut opening

      • Extracellular digestion

        • Release enzymes into gut cavity

        • Absorption by cell lining gut

• Invertebrate: Platyhelminthes

  • Flatworms

    • Tapeworm, planaria

    • Mostly parasitic

    • Bilaterally symmetrical

      • Have right and left, then have head end and posterior end

        • Cephalization

Development of brain

• Concentration of sense organs in head

  • Increase specialization in body plan

• Invertebrate: Nematode

  • Roundworms

    • Bilaterally symmetrical

    • Body cavity

      • Pseudocoelom

        • Simple body cavity

      • Digestive system

        • Tube running through length of body

    • Many are parasitic

      • Hookworm

• Invertebrate: Mollusca

  • Mollusks

    • Slugs, snails, clams, squid

    • Bilaterally symmetrical with exceptions

    • Soft bodies, mostly protected by hard shells

    • True coelem

      • Increases complexity and specialization of internal organs

• Invertebrate: Annelida

  • Segmented worms

    • Earthworms, leeches

    • Segments

      • Increase mobility

      • Redundancy in body section

    • Bilaterally symmetrical

    • True coelem

• Invertebrate: Arthropoda

  • Spiders, insects, crustaceans

    • Most successful animal phylum

    • Bilaterally symmetrical

    • Segmented

      • Specialized segments

      • Allows jointed appendages

    • Exoskeleton

      • Chitin and protein

• Arthropod Groups

  • Arachnids

    • 8 legs, 2 body parts

      • Spiders, ticks, scorpions

  • Crustaceans

    • Gills, 2 pairs antennae

      • Crab, lobster, barnacles, shrimp

  • Insects

    • 6 legs, 3 body parts

      • Butterfly, bees, ladybug

• Invertebrate: Echinodermata

  • Starfish, sea urchins, sea cucumber

    • Radially symmetrical as adults

    • Spiny exoskeleton

    • Deuterostome

• Chordata

  • Vertebrates

    • Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals

    • Internal bony skeleton

      • Backbone encasing spinal column

      • Skull-encased brain

    • Deuterostome

• Vertebrates: Fish

  • Characteristics

    • Body structure

      • Bony and cartilaginous skeleton

      • Jaws and paired appendages

      • Scales

    • Body function

      • Gills for gas exchange

      • Two chambered heart

        • Single loop blood circulation

      • Ectotherms

    • Reproduction

      • External fertilization

      • External development in aquatic egg

• Vertebrates: Amphibian

  • Characteristics

    • Body structure

      • Legs

      • Moist skin

        • Gas exchange

    • Body function

      • Lungs and diffusion through skin for gas exchange

      • Three chambered heart

        • Veins in lung back to heart

      • Ectotherms

    • Reproductions

      • External fertilization

      • External development in aquatic egg

      • Metamorphosis

• Vertebrates: Reptiles

  • Characteristics

    • Body structure

      • Dry skin, scales, armor

    • Body function

      • Lungs for gas exchange

      • Thoracic breathing; negative pressure

      • Three chambered heart

      • Ectotherms

    • Reproduction

      • Internal fertilization

      • External development in amniotic egg

• Vertebrates: Birds (Aves)

  • Characteristics

    • Body structure

      • Feathers and wings

      • Thin, hollow bone flight skeleton

    • Body function

      • Very efficient lungs and air sacs

      • Four chambered heart

      • Endotherms

    • Reproduction

      • Internal fertilization

      • External development in amniotic egg

• Vertebrates: Mammals

  • Characteristics

    • Body structure

      • Hair

      • Specialized teeth

    • Body functions

      • Lungs, diaphragm

      • Four chambered heart

      • Endotherms

    • Reproductions

      • Internal fertilization

      • Internal development in uterus

        • Nourishment through placenta

      • Birth live young

      • Mammary glands make milk

  • Subgroups

    • Monotremes

      • Egg-layaing mammals

      • Lack of placenta and true nipples

      • Duck-billed platypus, echidna

    • Marsupials

      • Pouched mammals

        • Offspring feed from nipples in pouch

      • Short-lived placenta

      • Koala, kangaroo, opossum

    • Placental

      • True placenta

        • Nutrient and waste filter

      • Shrews, bats, whales, humans