Axial Skeleton--Pictures

Ethmoid bone

separates nasal & cranial cavities

part of axial. 8

cranial bones

part of axial. 14

facial bones

the skull bones

Hyoid Bone

• Found below chin under the mandible

• attachment point for tongue muscles

• Attachment point for neck muscles that elevate larynx during speech & swallowing

1. Frontal bone

2. Sphenoid bone

3. Zygomatic bone

4. Maxilla bone

5. Palatine bone

6. Lacrimal bone

7. Ethmoid bone

Bones of the Orbit - 7

Roof of orbit: frontal, sphenoid

Lateral wall of orbit: sphenoid, zygomatic

Floor of orbit: zygomatic, maxilla, palatine

Medial wall of orbit: sphenoid, maxilla, lacrimal, ethmoid

bones of orbit places

- Palatine process & maxilla

What makes up the “hard palate”?

mandibular fossa

wehre Articulates with temporal bone

Alveolar process of maxilla

creates spaces so teeth fits into upper & lower jaw

temporal process

joins together with zygomatic process of temporal bone to form the zygomatic arch → cheekbone

Supraorbital margin

thickened region of frontal bone that protects region of orbit

Inferior nasal conchae (2)

ridges - fhelps guide odorants to chemoreceptors & ridges trap air

perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone

Middle nasal conchae & superior nasal conchae of ethmoid bone

Ethmoid bone

separates nasal & cranial cavities

External Auditory Meatus

Foramen Magnum

spinal cord connects to brainstem in occipital

Frontal bone

Hard Palate

Lacrimal bone

smallest of facial bones & contain canal with lacrimal sac (eye orbit)

Lacrimal bone

smallest of facial bones & contain canal with lacrimal sac (eye orbit)

Mastoid process

attachment point for neck muscles

Maxilla

form upper jaw, floors of orbit, nasal cavity & hard palate (mouth roof)

Nasal bone

form the upper portion of bridge of nose & anterior roof of nasal cavity

Occipital condyle

two rounded bony features

Articulate with C1 vertebrae

Occipital bone

posterior inferior portion – most base of cranium

Palatine bone

forms posterior portion of hard palate, floor of nasal cavity

L-shaped

Parietal bone

most of sides & roof of cranial cavity

Sphenoid bone

portion of lateral skull & cranial floor & portion of orbit

Sphenoid bone

portion of lateral skull & cranial floor & portion of orbit

Sphenoid bone

portion of lateral skull & cranial floor & portion of orbit

Styloid process

attachment point for neck & tongue muscles

Styloid process

attachment point for neck & tongue muscles

Temporal bone

Temporal bone

Vomer

forms inferior posterior region of nasal septum

Zygomatic process

makes up region of cheek bone

Zygomatic process

makes up region of cheek bone

Zygomatic bone

Zygomatic bone

Zygomatic bone

Axis vertebrae

second

Atlas vertebrae

first cervical vertebra

Thoracic vertebrae

Lumbar vertebrae

Sacrum

fusion of 4-5 by age 16-18

Coccyx

bones fused together. complete by age 20-30

attachement for filum terminale

Lamina

Spinous process

Superior Articular Cartilage

Transverse process

Vertebral foramen

Vertebral arch

Body

Cervical vertebrate (curvature)

Thoracic vertebrae (curvature)

Lumbar vertebrae (curvature)

Sacrum (sacral curvature)

Coccyx

Superior articular

facet (articulates

with occipital condyle)

transverse of atlas

Vertebral foramen of atlas

atlas facet for dens

forms joint with 2nd cervical vertebra

superior articular facet and under inferior

point directly up and down

flat because sit on top of each other

allows for large degree of movement

dens'

what atlas is connected to

so it can swivel

spinous process - bifid

unique to cervical

positioned at oblique angles to

lock together when stacked & provide greater stability

superior & inferior articular facet of thoracic

superior oriented medially

post laterally

movement limited

superior & inferior articular facet of lumbar

sacral canal

initially the vertebral foramen of the original 4-5 bones that make sacrum

median sacral crest

orignally spinous processes

posterior sacral foramen

openenings to allow for exit of spinal nerves

sacral hiatus

last bone has no spinous process

exit for last of spinal nerves

intervertebral foramen

space between bones

where spinal nerves exit

annulus fibrosus

interverebral foramen

herniated disc

cartilage breaks and nucleus pulposus comes out of intervertebral foramen

towards back side

pushes on spinal nerve

protect heart and lungs

semi rigid bcs bones in it are semi moveable

• bcs they form joints with other bones

• have cartilage

Thoracic vertebrae, ribs and costal cartilages, and sternum

thoracic cage

12 pairs

7 pairs true ribs

ribs

7 pairs are true ribs - vertebrosternal ribs

• vertebrae to sternum

true ribs

5 pairs - “false ribs”

• 3 pair are vertebrochondral ribs (connect to sternum indirectly by connecting to costal cartilage of rib 7)

• 2 pair are “floating” or vertebral ribs

false ribs

manubrium and sternal angle (angled towards from front as move from top to bottom)

body

xiphoid process

made of cartilage until youre 40

bump on back of your skull that joins to ligaments which hold your head upright

External occipital protuberance