AP Euro Topic: 7.7

Berlin Conference

Meeting at which Europeans agreed on rules for colonizing Africa in order to avoid conflict.

"Scramble for Africa"

Competition between European Nations for colonization of Africa

Fashoda Crisis

Conflict between France and England in the Sudan over the establishment of railroads.

Moroccan Crises

A series of conflicts between France and Germany where Germany tried (and failed) to support rebellions against France.

Sphere of Influence

an area of control over a foreign territory, often for commercial purposes.

Joseph Conrad

Author of Heart of Darkness, a book depicting the immoral treatment of the Congolese by Belgian King Leopold.

Edmund D. Morel

launched first international human rights movement, because he saw the immoral situation in the Congo.

Congo Reform Association (CRA)

A group formed to bring attention to and end the atrocities in the Belgian Congo and exposing the brutality of Leopold II there.

John A. Hobson

an English economist, who wrote the most famous critiques of the economic bases of imperialism saying that it was an endless process and only gave temporary solutions to long term problems

Vladimir Lenin

Leader Russia's Bolshevik movement. His view of imperialism was that it was the "monopoly stage of capitalism" exploiting the colonized people.

Zulu Resistance

When the indigenous people of modern South Africa rose up against the British.

Ethiopian Resistance

The only successful resistance of European imperializing where the East African nation successfully resisted and remained free.

Sepoy Rebellion

Revolt of Indian soldiers, who were mostly Hindu and Muslims, who were upset over disrespect of their faith by British officers.

Congress Party

A major nationalist political party in India - that pushed for reform policies in India and gain independence for India.

Boxer Rebellion

An uprising in China aimed at ending all foreign influence in the country.

Meiji Restoration

The overthrow of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan in 1868, returning power to the Emperor. Led to the rapid industrialization and militarization.

Pan-German League

Organization whose goal was to raise German nationalism and promote German Expansion and "superiority of Aryan race".