HIST 2310 Final Vocab Flashcards

Primary Source

Primary Source

direct source/person who experienced the time period/event

Secondary Source

written later about the event. Not witnessing the event first-hand.

Tertiary Source

packaging secondary sources with some primary sources (not a lot)

Before 10000 BC

Paleolithic Era Dates

Old Stone Age

Paleolithic word meaning

Neolithic Era Dates

10000 BC to between 4000 and 2200 BC

New Stone Age

Neolithic word meaning

5 Main Types of Crops

Wheat, Rice, Corn/Maize, Barley, and Sorghum

6 million

World population in 8000 BC

50 million

World population in 3000 BC

Secondary Products Revolution

What happened when people discovered they could use animals for other things than killing, skinning, and eating

Tigris and Euphrates

Major rivers near Mesopotamia

Between two rivers

Meaning of the word Mesopotamia

Sumer and Babylon

City States of Mesopotamia

Ziggurat

Religious and public structure (building) in Mesopotamia

Cuneiform

Wedge shaped writing of Mesopotamia

Hammurabi’s Law Code

Mesopotamian Law Code- law comes from Gods, provides consistency (not equality.

Lunar Calendar

Type of calendar used by Mesopotamians

Osiris and Isis

Egyptian Gods

Horus

Who the Egyptians believed inhibited the body of Pharaoh

Maat

Egyptian idea of cosmic balance

Solar

Type of calendar used by Egyptians

360

How many days in an Egyptian year

Heiroglyphics

Egyptian form of writing

Egyptians

Developers of the concept of Pi

Caral Supe

Best known site for Norte Chico

Maize

Major crop NOT grown by the people of Norte Chico

Quipo

Record keeping system in Norte Chico (not a form of writing)

Indus Valley

Home of Mohenjo Daro and Harrappa

Indus Valley

Civilization that had standardization and spoked wheels

Increased salt levels

Reason why the Indus Valley civilization was abandoned

Yoga

Exercise from Indus Valley to worship the sun

Vedas

Oldest known Hindu text; collection of stories

Upanishads

Second Hindu text; stories of the universe

Brahman

Hindu term for living universe

Atman

Hindu term for individual soul

Moksha

Unification with Brahman

Samsara

Hindu term for reincarnation

Karma

Hindu concept of being held accountable by the universe for your actions

Caste System

Hindu social structure

Brahmins

Hindu priests/scholars

Flood control

Major development of the Xia Dynasty

1700 BC

Date for the rise of the Shang Dynasty

Shang dynasty

Civilization that created the 9 field system

9 field system

A plot of land is divided into 9 sections 8 are public with the 9th going to the ruler

900 years

Length of rule for the Zhou Dynasty

Mandate of Heaven

Gods look down to Earth to see if the ruler is doing well, if not there is a chance for the people to choose a new ruler

Hebrews

First monotheistic civilization

Yahweh

Name of Hebrew god

12 tribes

Number and type of division of Hebrews

Chiefdom

Ruling system of Olmec

Solar

Type of calendar of Olmec

260

Number of days in Olmec religious calendar

365

Number of days in standard Olmec calendar

Olmec

“Mother Civilization” to Maya and Aztecs

Transformation figures

Reflect Olmec belief of a human soul being part animal

700 BC

Beginning of Transition into iron

Kush

Kingdom south of Egypt that eventually took over Egypt

Meroe

Egyptian/ Kush city that created new method for iron (the answer does not have the special symbols for the letter)

Hyksos

People that conquered Egypt (not Kush)

Taharqa

Kushite pharaoh of Egypt

Piye

Second Kushite pharaoh of Egypt

Jebel Barkal

Egyptian temple with Kushite characteristics

Empire

Classification of cultures that have other people in addition to the main people

Persia

First empire

Darius I

Ruler of Persian Empire

500s BC

Time when Darius I ruled

Zoroastrianism

Religion of Persians

Zoroastir

Creator of Zoroastrianism

Avesta

Holy book of Zoroastrianism

Ahura-Mazda

God of Zoroastrianism

Ahriman

Chaos being in Zoroastrianism

Susa

Capital 1 of Persia

Persepolis

Capital 2 of Persia

Eclecticism

Word for when characteristics are borrowed from another culture

Babylon

Where astrology came from

Hellenic

Term for Greek culture BEFORE Alexander the Great

City states

Ruling system of Greeks

Hubris

Extreme pride in oneself (Greek term)

Peloponnesus

Name of peninsula where Greeks live

Philosophy

Word that means “love of wisdom”

Thales of Miletus

First known person to accurately predict a solar eclipse

Pythagoras

Created Pythagorean theorem

Democritus

Had idea for atom

Cleisthenes

Greek tyrant focused on the structure and system of Athens

508 BC

Year that Cleisthenes ruled

Phalanx

Group of soldiers with spears that is highly maneuverable

Hoplite

Individual Soldier in Phalanx

Republic

Term for government where people get to choose who represents them

10

Number of wards in Athens

Council of 10

Senate-like council in Athens

Council of 500

Council in Athens with 50 men per ward

1 year

Term limit of government leaders of Athens

Persian Wars

Wars between Greece and Persians

490 BC

Year of first Persian War

480 BC

Year of second Persian War

Xerxes

Ruler of Persia during second Persian War

Thermopylae

Land battle between the Spartans and Persians in the second Persian War

Salamis

Naval battle between Spartans and Persians in the second Persian War

Delian League

Formal cooperation of Greek city states