Stage 31 Test

Culture, quis dixit, quis egit, , grammer, vocabulary

e villa—from the house

 Ablative of Place from Which, used with prepositions that means “from”

in horto—in the garden, sub mensa—under the table

Ablative of Place Where, used with prepositions that answer the question “where”

prima hora Quintus advenit—Quintus arrived on/at the first hour

• Ablative of Time when, uses nouns that denote time:
  
  

  • minutia—minute

  • hora—hour

  • dies—day

  • mensis—month

  • annus—year

  • nox—night

Quintus tribus diebus advenit—Quintus is arriving (with)in three days

Ablative of Time within Which, uses cardinal numbers (one, two, three) instead of nouns to denote time

written in the accusative, uses “for”

Expanse of Time (not ablative)

urbe capta, milites discesserunt— With the city having been captured, the soldiers departed

Ablative Absolute, made up of a noun (written in the ablative case) and a participle (also in ablative case), translated with before if present participle, translated with after if past tense (perfect, imperfect, or pluperfect)

haruspex iuvenem monuit ne navigaret—The Soothsayer warned the young man not to sail.

Negative Indirect Command

per vias celeriter contendebamus ne tardi ad arcum adveniremus—We were hurrying through the streets quickly, lest we arrive late to the arch. 

Negative purpose clause

Population density of Rome

Over 1,000,000 people; 125,000 per square mile (densely populated and overcrowded)

Emporia

Ostia’s riverside markets

Horrea

warehouses

Insula Tiberina

The Tiber Island, divided the Tiber Island into two, elongated island that was built like a ship

Rostrum

Tiber Island’s ornamental prow

Patronus

Gave help and protection to others less wealthy and powerful than himself, who gave him services in return

Patronage System

Imperator —> Senator —> Equites —> Plebs

Salutatio

The habit of the morning call; upp classes had power so clients needed their patron’s favor and advice for any number of financial or legal transactions. The patrons needed their votes in politics and the addition to their prestige that a large number of clients gave.

Sportula

Little baskets containing food or money, but not enouh money to buy a dinner

Caesarem iam salutari

“The emperor is receiving.” The emperor had a line of callers waiting for the announcment. Lists of callers would be published and it was a bad sign if someone was refused admission.

Equites

The equestrian class. They need 400,000 sesterces

Plebs

Small businessmen or craftsmen with reasonably comfortable lives. The emperor was their patron (he was the patron of everyone in Rome). They recieved free grain distributions every day, but many still lived in poverty.

Plebicula

The emperor didn’t want to deny his “little plebs” the opportunity to earn a living.

“Dominus noster, Quintus Haterius Latronianus, rationes suas, subducit. Iubet igitur tres cives rationibus testes subscribere.” (Our master, Quintus Haterius Latronius, is drawing up his accounts. Therefore he orders three citizens to sign his accounts as witness).

The herald

“Abi, sceleste!” (Go away, scoundrel!) “nemo alius hodie admittitur.” (No one else is admitted today.)

The herald

“Insanivit igitur Chrysogonus… odio sunt omnes philosophi Haterio! Redeundum vobis est Athenas unde misse estis.” (So Chrysogonus is insane… all of the philosophers are hateful to Haterius! You must return to Athens, from where you were sent.)

The herald

“Eryllus! Quis est Eryllus? Meus dominus Haterius est, non Euryllus!” (Eryllus! Who is Eryllus? My master is Haterius, not Eryllus!)

The herald

“Ecce! Domina mea, Euphrosyne, adest.” (Look! My mistress, Eurphosyne is here.) 

The slave

“Sed domina mea est philosopha Graeca doctissima… huc missa est a Quinto Haterio Chrysogono ipso, Haterii liberto, qui Athenis habitat.” (But my mistress is a very educated Greek philosopher… She was sent by Quintus Haterius Chrysogonus himself, a freedman of Haterius, who lives in Athens.)

The slave

“Ergo adsumus!” (Therefore, we are here!)

The slave

“Noli mentem tuam vexare. Res adversas aequo animo ferre. Nobis cras reveniendum est.” (Don’t annoy your mind. We must not bring these hostile things to a calm mind. We are returning tomorrow.)

Euphrosyne

The stoic female philosophress

Euphrosyne

ignara morum Romanorum, in animo volvebat cur tot homines illa hora ibi starent (unaware of the Roman custom, she wondered why so many were standing there at that hour.)

Euphrosyne

Servus arrogantia praeconis iratus, niholominus persistit. (The slave, angered by the arrogance of the herald, persisted nevertheless.)

The slave

corpus eius erat ingens et obesum, vultus superbus, oculi maligi (His body was large and fat, his expression arrogant, his eyes malignent)

The herald

Eum identidem orabant ut se ad patronum admitteret (They were begging [the herald] repeatedly to admit them to his patron)

The clients of Haterius

Wanted three clients to escort him to the forum (“vos omnes iubemini Haterium tertia hora ad forum deducere”)

Haterius

Qui est Haterio arbiter elegantiae, epistulam ad Chrysogonum scripsit in qua eum rogavit ut philosopham huc mitteret. (The judge of good taste for Haterius, wrote a letter to Chrysogonus in which he asked him to send a philospher.)

Eryllus

milites intellexerunt quid Vercobrix fecisset—The soldiers understood what Vercobrix had done.

Indirect Question

(introduced by ut) legatus militibus imperavit ut redirent—The commander ordered the soldiers to return, compared to “redite!” (direct command)

Indirect Command

ut (”to”) for positive purpose or ne (”not to”) for negative purpose, Cephalus poculum venenatum regi offerebat ut/ne eum interficeret

Purpose Clause

nobis currendum est—we must run

Passive periphrastic/gerundive

dominus servos misit qui cibum emerent—The master sent the slaves who were to buy/to buy food

Relative Purpose Clause

locum quaerebamus ubi staremus—We were looking for a place where we might stand/to stand

Adverbial Purpose Clause

synonym of consisto, consistere, consisti

claudo, claudere, clausi, claususe

synonym of veho, vehere, vexi, vectus

fero, ferre, tuli, latus

synonym of altus, alta, altum

summus, summa, summum

synonym of superbus, superba, superbum

audacia, audaciae

synonym of haudquamquam

minime

antonym of neglego, neglegere, neglexi, neglectus

diligentia, diligentiae

antonym of oro, orare, oravi

iubeo, iubere, iussi, iussus

antonym of spero, spereare, speravi

despero, desperare, desperavi

antonym of progressus, progressa, progressum

redeo, redire, redii

antonym of ante

post; postea; postquam

antonym of ne

ut

neglectus

having been neglected

volutus

having been turned

raptus

having been seized

vectus

having been carried

vinctus

having been bound