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All of the following were true of the American regular army on the eve of the War of 1812 except A) they were ill-trained and ill-disciplined. B) they were widely scattered. C) their numbers were large enough that they did not have to rely on the militia. D) most of the generals were leftovers from the Revolutionary War and lacked vigor and vision. E) there was no burning national anger to unite them.
C
When the United States entered the War of 1812, it was A) militarily unprepared. B) allied with France. C) united in support of the war. D) fortunate to have a strong and assertive commander in chief. E) New England that pushed for the conflict.
A
Canada became an important battleground in the War of 1812 because A) it was the economic hub of the New England economy. B) Canadians would be willing to help the Americans overthrow the imperial yoke of British rule. C) British forces were weakest there. D) most of the American regular army was already located in Canada. E) none of the above.
C
The performance of the United States' Navy in the War of 1812 could be best described as A) poor because of their lack of skill. B) good but not as good as the army. C) non-existent. D) excellent due to the use of press gang crews. E) much better than that of the army.
E
America's campaign against Canada in the War of 1812 was A) unusual for its brilliant military leadership. B) poorly conceived because it split-up the military. C) marked by good coordination of a complicated strategy. D) a failure because they focused all their attention on Montreal. E) a success on land but a failure on the water.
B
Perhaps the key battle of the War of 1812, because it protected the United States from full-scale invasion and possible dissolution, was the Battle of A) Mackinac. B) Plattsburgh. C) the Thames. D) Horseshoe Bend. E) Fallen Timbers.
B
British plans for their 1814 campaign did not include action in A) New York. B) the Chesapeake. C) Florida. D) New Orleans. E) Washington.
C
The British attack on Fort McHenry A) resulted in another British victory. B) made possible the British invasion of Washington, D.C. C) inspired the writing of "The Star-Spangled Banner." D) produced the "Bladensburg Races." E) resulted in the destruction of many British shops.
C
The most devastating defeat suffered by the British during the War of 1812 took place at the Battle of A) New Orleans. B) Horseshoe Bend. C) Tippecanoe. D) the Thames. E) Fallen Timbers.
A
The Battle of New Orleans A) resulted in one more American defeat. B) helped the United States to win the War of 1812. C) saw British troops defeated by Andrew Jackson's soldiers. D) prevented America from taking Canada. E) resulted in Louisiana becoming part of the United States.
C
The Battle of New Orleans A) saw the British win another victory. B) followed a British defeat at Washington, D.C. C) was fought by the United States only for material gain. D) resulted in the British seeking peace. E) unleashed a wave of nationalism and self-confidence.
E
One result of the American naval victories during the War of 1812 was A) a British naval blockade of the American coast. B) the improvement of the American fishing industry. C) an increase in British naval operations in Canadian waters. D) the final elimination of British raiding parties landing on America's east coast. E) more warships being built.
A
At the peace conference at Ghent, the British began to withdraw many of its earlier demands for all of the following reasons except A) reverses in upper New York. B) a loss at Baltimore. C) increasing war weariness in Britain. D) concern about the still dangerous France. E) the American victory at New Orleans.
E
The delegates of the Hartford Convention adopted resolutions that included a call for A) a Constitutional amendment requiring a two-thirds vote in Congress before war was declared. B) New England's secession from the Union. C) a separate peace treaty between New England and the British. D) the dissolution of the Federalist party. E) war with England.
A
The resolutions from the Hartford Convention A) helped to cause the death of the Federalist party. B) resulted in the resurgence of states' rights. C) called for southern secession from the union. D) supported use of state militias against the British. E) called for the West to join the War of 1812.
A
From a global perspective, the War of 1812 was A) a highly significant conflict. B) more important to Europeans than to Americans. C) of little importance. D) responsible for the defeat of Napoleon. E) more important than the American Revolution.
C
In diplomatic and economic terms, the War of 1812 A) was a disaster for the United States. B) bred greater American independence. C) was considered a victory for Britain. D) resulted in the fall of the British government that concluded the conflict. E) was a disaster for Britain.
B
The outcome of the War of 1812 was A) a decisive victory for the United States. B) a stimulus to patriotic nationalism in the United States. C) an embarrassment for American diplomacy. D) a heavy blow to American manufacturing. E) a decisive victory for the British.
B
The Rush-Bagot agreement A) required the Indians to relinquish vast areas of tribal lands north of the Ohio River. B) ended the traditional mutual suspicion and hatred between the United States and Great Britain. C) limited naval armaments on the Great Lakes. D) provided for Canadian independence from Great Britain. E) gave Florida to the United States.
C
After the War of 1812, Europe A) became more democratic and liberal. B) developed very close ties to the United States. C) continued to have an important impact on American shipping. D) returned to conservativism, illiberalism, and reaction. E) sought more trade with China.
D
One of the most important by-products of the War of 1812 was A) a renewed commitment to states' rights. B) a heightened spirit of nationalism. C) a resurgence of the Federalist party. D) increased economic dependence on Europe. E) the subjugation of the Indians.
B
One of the nationally recognized American authors in the 1820s was A) Washington Irving. B) Edgar Allan Poe. C) Walt Whitman. D) Stephen Decatur. E) Stephen Douglas.
A
Post-War of 1812 nationalism could be seen in all of the following except A) the way in which American painters depicted the beauty of American landscapes. B) a revival of American religion. C) the building of a more handsome national capital. D) an expanded army and navy. E) development of a national literature.
B
At the end of the War of 1812, British manufacturers A) discontinued trade with America. B) conducted only limited trade with America. C) began dumping their goods in America at extremely low prices. D) demanded a high tariff against American goods. E) saw their profits fall dramatically.
C
The Tariff of 1816 was the first in American history A) to be enacted without the consent of Congress. B) intended to raise revenue. C) that aimed to protect American industry. D) to impose taxes on American goods. E) designed to protect Southern agriculture.
C
Henry Clay's call for federally funded roads and canals received whole-hearted endorsement from A) President Madison. B) New England. C) the West. D) Jeffersonian Republicans. E) the South.
C
New England opposed the American System's federally constructed roads because A) they cost too much. B) the Democratic-Republicans favored them. C) canals were a superior means of transportation. D) they would drain away needed population to the West. E) they were poorly constructed.
D
Democratic-Republicans opposed Henry Clay's American System because A) it favored only the South. B) it would provide stiff competition to the Erie Canal. C) they believed that it was unconstitutional. D) the Bonus Bill of 1817 made it unnecessary. E) they favored a road system that included Canada.
C
The Era of Good Feelings A) was characterized by the absence of any serious problems. B) was noted for cooperation between the Democratic-Republicans and the Federalists. C) marked a temporary end to sectionalism by uniting all parts of the country. D) was a misnomer, because the period was a troubled one. E) saw the start of the Whig political party.
D
With the demise of the Federalist party, A) the Democratic-Republicans established one-party rule. B) another party arose very quickly to take its place. C) little political trouble ensued. D) sectionalism disappeared. E) the Whig party rose to take its place.
AA
The panic of 1819 brought with it all of the following except A) inflation. B) unemployment. C) bank failures. D) debtor's prisons. E) bankruptcies.
A
One of the major causes of the panic of 1819 was A) bankruptcies. B) overspeculation in frontier lands. C) deflation. D) the failure to recharter the Bank of the United States. E) a drought that resulted in poor agricultural production.
B
The western land boom resulted from all of the following except A) it was a continuation of the old westward movement. B) land exhaustion in older tobacco states. C) speculators accepted small down payments. D) the frontier was pacified with the defeat of the Indians. E) the construction of railroad lines west of the Mississippi River.
E
One of the demands made by the West to help it to grow was A) sound money. B) a stronger Bank of the United States. C) cheap money. D) the closing of "wildcat" banks. E) higher land prices to gain more revenue for the territories.
C
When the House of Representatives passed the Tallmadge Amendment in response to Missouri's request for admission to the Union, the South thought that the amendment A) would threaten the sectional balance. B) might keep alive the institution of slavery. C) would slow the growth of the West. D) would silence the abolitionists. E) would keep Maine out of the union.
A
The first state entirely west of the Mississippi River to be carved out of the Louisiana Territory was A) Kansas. B) Louisiana. C) Texas. D) Arkansas. E) Missouri.
E
As a result of the Missouri Compromise A) there were more slave than free states in the Union. B) slavery was outlawed in all states north of the forty-second parallel. C) slavery was banned north of 36° 30 in the Louisiana Purchase territory. D) Missouri was required to free its slaves when they reached full adulthood. E) there were more free states than slave states in the Union.
C
All of the following were results of the Missouri Compromise except that A) extremists in both the North and South were not satisfied. B) Missouri entered the Union as a slave state. C) Maine entered the Union as a free state. D) sectionalism was reduced. E) the balance between the North and South was kept even.
D
In interpreting the Constitution, John Marshall A) favored "loose construction." B) supported "strict construction." C) supported an unchanging document. D) advocated state control of interstate commerce. E) set few precedents.
A
John Marshall uttered his famous legal dictum that "the power to tax involves the power to destroy" in A) Gibbons v. Ogden. B) Fletcher v. Peck. C) McCulloch v. Maryland. D) Dartmouth College v. Woodward. E) Marbury v. Madison.
C
In McCulloch v. Maryland, Cohens v. Virginia, and Gibbons v. Ogden, Chief Justice Marshall's rulings limited the extent of A) states' rights. B) judicial review. C) federalism. D) constitutionalism. E) federal authority.
A
People moved into the Old Northwest for all of the following reasons except A) better transportation. B) the Indian threat was gone. C) to achieve better social position. D) to get their own democratic community. E) as a haven for runaway slaves.
E
Settlers from the South who moved into the Old Northwest territory were known as A) Yankees. B) carpet baggers. C) planters. D) slave holders. E) Butternuts.
E
When moving to the Old Northwest, settlers from the North wanted to do all of the following except A) tame the land. B) tame the people. C) oppose increased taxes to fund their programs. D) build canals. E) build roads.
C
John Marshall's rulings upheld a defense of property rights against public pressure in A) McCulloch v. Maryland. B) Marbury v. Madison. C) Cohens v. Virginia. D) Fletcher v. Peck. E) Gibbons v. Ogden.
D
The United States' most successful diplomat in the Era of Good Feelings was A) John C. Calhoun. B) Daniel Webster. C) John Quincy Adams. D) Andrew Jackson. E) James Monroe.
C
The Treaty of 1818 with England A) used the watershed of the Missouri River to define the United States' border with Canada as far west as the Rocky Mountains. B) formally recognized America's earlier conquest of West Florida. C) called for a ten-year joint occupation of the Oregon country by both American citizens and British subjects. D) granted Canada exclusive use of Newfoundland fisheries. E) saw the United States forced to give up its tariffs on British goods.
C
Andrew Jackson's military exploits were instrumental in the United States gaining A) a favorable border with Canada from the Great Lakes to the Rocky Mountains. B) possession of Florida from the Spanish. C) joint fishing rights in Labrador, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland. D) naval limitations on the Great Lakes. E) gaining control of eastern Texas.
B
Spain sold Florida to the United States because it A) wanted to help America to become a rival to Britain. B) could not defend the area and would lose it in any case. C) received America's promise to give up claims to Oregon. D) was pulling out of the Western Hemisphere. E) decided to concentrate its efforts in Mexico.
B
Britain opposed Spain's reestablishing its authority in Latin American countries that had successfully revolted because A) Britain had now allied itself with France. B) Britain had great sympathy toward democratic revolutions. C) the United States had asked for such a policy. D) the ports of these nations were now open to lucrative trade. E) it wanted to take control of these nations.
D
The doctrine of non-colonization in the Monroe Doctrine was A) applicable only to Central and South America. B) a response to the apparent designs of the Russians in Alaska and Oregon. C) included in the doctrine only over the opposition of Secretary of State John Quincy Adams. D) mostly a symbolic gesture of goodwill to the Latin American republics. E) aimed at British efforts to gain control over Cuba.
B
At the time it was issued, the Monroe Doctrine was A) incapable of being enforced by the United States. B) greeted with enthusiasm and gratitude in South America. C) universally acclaimed in Britain as a great act of statesmanship. D) welcomed with relief by European powers who feared British power in the Western Hemisphere. E) opposed by both the Whigs and the Democratic-Republicans.
A
Latin America's reaction to the Monroe Doctrine can best be described as A) enthusiastic. B) fearful of the United States. C) unconcerned or unimpressed. D) relying on Britain to void it. E) none of the above.
C
The Russo-American Treaty of 1824 fixed the southernmost limits of Russian occupation of North America at A) 54° 40. B) 36° 30. C) the forty-second parallel. D) the forty-ninth parallel. E) the fifty-first parallel.
A
The Monroe Doctrine was A) a striking new departure in American foreign policy. B) quickly codified into international law. C) a binding pledge on each subsequent presidential administration. D) an expression of the illusion of deepening American isolationism from world affairs. E) a commitment by the United States to internationalism.
D
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