Week 4: Asexual Reproduction

Reproduction

Process ensuring species survival and continuation.

Sexual Reproduction

Involves gametes or sex cells for reproduction.

Asexual Reproduction

Does not involve gametes; offspring are clones.

Gametes

Reproductive cells; include sperm and ova.

Isogamy

Sexual reproduction with similar-shaped gametes.

Heterogamy

Fusion of dissimilar gametes, e.g., sperm and egg.

Haplontic Life Cycle

Multicellular haploid stage; diploid only fertilized egg.

Diplontic Life Cycle

Multicellular diploid stage; haploid represented by gametes.

Haplodiplontic Life Cycle

Includes multicellular diploid and haploid generations.

Flower

Reproductive structure with sepals, petals, stamens, carpels.

Calyx

Outermost green leaf-like structure of a flower.

Corolla

Brightly colored petals inside the calyx.

Stamens

Male reproductive part; produces pollen.

Pistil

Female reproductive part; includes ovary, style, stigma.

Ovary

Contains ovules; base of the pistil.

Style

Slender structure connecting stigma and ovary.

Stigma

Receives pollen; aids in fertilization.

Carpel

Part of pistil; includes style, stigma, ovary.

Monoecious Plants

Same plant has both male and female flowers.

Dioecious Plants

Separate plants for male and female flowers.

Pollen Development

Includes microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis stages.

Microsporogenesis

Formation of haploid microspores from sporogenous cells.

Pollination

Transfer of pollen from anther to stigma.

Self-Pollination

Pollen transfer within the same flower or plant.

Cross-Pollination

Pollen transfer between different plants or flowers.

Entomophilous Flowers

Insect-pollinated flowers; often brightly colored.

Zoophilous Flowers

Pollinated by animals; adapted for animal transport.

Anemophilous Flowers

Wind-pollinated; small, inconspicuous, no nectar.

Hydrophilous Flowers

Water-pollinated; small and inconspicuous.