1-C synthesis methylation

dTMP is needed for what

DNA synthesis

what’s SAM (s-adenosulmethionine)

methyl donor for rxns like DNA methylation and phospholipid methylation

Purines (adenine and guanine) are for

DNA and RNA synthesis

Methionine is needed for

Protein synthesis

What’s folate needed for

DNA synthesis and homocysteine conversion

Folate

vitamin B9

From diet- green leafy veggies

tetrahydrofolate (THF)

carbon donator

Acts as cofactor

Needed in nucleic acid synthesis or amino acid synthesis

dihydroxy folate reductase DHFR converts

folate to dihydroxyfolate to tetrahydrofolate

What inhibits DHFR

Methotrexate (MTX)

SHMT serine hydroxymethy transferase converts with what vitamins

Treahydrofolate to N5 N10 methylene THF

pyro phosphate PLP and vitamin B6

What amino acids does Serine hydroxymethylbilane transferase SHMT convert

Serine to glycine

N5 N10 methylene THF convert to what 4 things

thymidylate synthase- DNA syn

N-10 formyl THF

5-methyl THF and

Methionine synthase to methionine cycle

Methenyltetrahydrofolate Cyclohydrolase MTHFC

Convert what and what is getting oxidized (lose e)

N5 N10 methylene THF to N-10 formyl THF which then goes to purine synthesis

with NADPH → NADP+

What does methylene-THF reductase (MTHFR) convert to ?

What’s being reduced here

N5 N10 methylene THF → 5 methyl THF

NAD→ NADH

FAD→ FADH2

Dihrydoxyfolate SAM inhibits what enzyme ?

Methylene-THF reductase MTHFR

Thymidylate synthase converts what

N5 N10 methylene THF to convert

dUMP —> dTMP and FAD—> FADH2 for DNA synthesis

And to go back to DHF

What inhibits thymidylate synthesis ?

5-flurouracil

Methionine synthase converts

Which vitamin

N5 N10 methylene THF To THF

and homocysteine to methionine

B12

What does methionine adenosyltransferase convert

methionine to s-adenosyl-methionine (SAM)

sam goes to SAH then what?

Homocysteine

When homocysteine is increased what disease occurs

homocystinuria

Homocystinuria symptoms are

Deep vein thrombosis

Stroke

Atherosclerosis

Marfan like habitus

mental retardation

Joint contractures

Folate deficiency

DNA synthesis is impaired

Megoblastic anemia

Elevated homocysteine

B12 deficiency

Impair DNA synthesis

megoblastic anemia

increased homocysteine

increased methylmalonic acid