Chem Vocab Ch.5

electromagnetic radiation

a form of energy that exhibits wave like behavior

wavelength

the shorten distance between equivalent points on a continuous wave

frequency

the number of waves that pass a given point per second

amplitude

the waves height from the origin to a crest or from the origin to a trough

electromagnetic spectrum

all form of electromagnetic radiation

quantum

the minimum amount of energy that can be gained or lost by an atom

planck’s constant

a value of 6.626×10^-34 Js where J is the symbol for joule; the SI for unit of energy

photoelectric effect

emitted from a metal’s surface when light of a certain frequency or higher than a certain frequency shines on the surface

photon

a mass less particle that carries a quantum of energy

atomic emission spectrum

the set of frequencies of the electromagnetic wave emitted by atoms of the element

ground state

the lowest allowable energy state of an atom

quantum number

n

de Broglie equation

predicts that all moving particles have wave characteristics

heisenberg uncertainty principle

fundamentally impossible to know precisely both the velocity and position of a particle at the same time

quantum mechanical model of the atom

electrons are treated as waves

atomic orbital

describes the electron’s probable location

principle quantum number

indicates the relative size and energy of atomic orbital

principle energy level

what each major energy level is called

energy sublevels

what contains in principle energy levels

electron configuration

arrangement of electrons in an atom

aufbau principle

each electron occupies the lowest energy orbital available

pauli exclusion principle

a maximum of two electron’s can occupy a single atomic orbital but only if the electrons have opposite spins

hund’s rule

single electrons with the same spin must occupy each equal-energy orbital before additional electrons with opposite spins can occupy the same orbitals

valence electrons

electrons in the atom’s outermost orbitals

electron dot structure

the elements symbol which represents the atomic nucleus and inner-level electrons surrounded by dots representing all of the atom’s valence electrons