01 mountaineering

Backpack

It should be tested and trusted by mountaineers which is large enough to contain all the gear and provisions you will need for a certain trip

Boots

It is an investment and important equipment that protect a hiker from any injury of the foot during a trek

Outdoor Clothing

It should provide protection against the elements.The type and amount of clothes a mountaineer should bring and wear is determined through the period of stay and weather condition in the wild.

Wind Breaker

It is a light jacket without insulation which serves as shield from wind and cold

Earth Pad

It serves as a cushion between you and the ground when sleeping; from a simple rubber mat to the more high-tech inflatable ones

Sleeping Bag

It is capable of protecting the mountaineers from any elements in the wild; should not be heavy and bulky

Dog Tag

It is for personal identification with your blood type

Whistle

It is for emergency signal

First Aid Kit

In case of emergency, every mountaineers should bring this with him/her that has supplies enough to treat illnesses. In addition put other materials use for personal care such as alcohol, mosquito repellent etc. It is also advisable to bring an anti-venom kit for snake bite. Always check the kit before trekking and put in in a safe container (waterproof).

Survival Kit

It should be packed into a compact and waterproofed container, which can be easily carried by a trekkers during short hikes without a backpack. Contents include waterproofed match, small knife, plastic tarp, surgical rubber tube and emergency rations.

Candles

It serves as cheap alternative light source although not effective during windy conditions and a fire hazards. Some climbers bring special lanterns for this purpose.

Flashlight

As all watertight flashlight with a bright bulb is a must. Headlamps can also be handy.

Lighter and Matches

It should be waterproofed

Folding Knife

This is for protection and an essential tools in the mountain. It is also better that this item has other accessories such as can opener, scissors, screwdriver, etc.

Pressurized gas, kerosene, and lighter fluid

These are standard camping stove fuels

Water Containers and Trail Water

These are made of sturdy plastic, usually two separate 2-liter containers (total of 4 liters + trail water) should be enough for an overnight climb. Always check for a possible leak. There are two kindsL non-collapsible and collapsible.

Mess Kit and Drinking Cup

It should be sturdy and light weight. It should have a handle for easier use with hot drinks or broth.

Notebook and Pencil

For taking down details and information

Plastic Bags and Trash Bags

For waterproofing clothes, equipment, and other items

Rain Gear/Poncho

It is mainly used in camp for moving around. Rarely for trekking unless in a very cold conditions.

Sun Protection

Sunblock lotion, caps, bandanna for sunny

Rubber Bands/Garter

All around use. Sealing plastic bags. 

Tying Strings

For lashing tent and other purposes

Repair Kit

It should contain thread, needle, extra buckles, quick acting glue, duct tape and other items for repair of different equipment.

Sandals/Slippers

For relaxing feet after the hike and avoiding erosion in campsite

Packed Lunch

Usually your first meal when climbing, something easy to eat, digest and palatable (e.g. sandwiches and fruits)

Rice and Eggs

Not a necessity since some prefer pasta or bread, however packing these individually wrapped in plastic with the rice in a hard container is a good training for packing your bag

Spoon and Fork

Preferably metal

Toiletries

Contains toothbrush, small type of toothpaste, floss which can be used as thread I repair kit, small comb or hair brush and tissue paper

1. Bolo

2. Flag

3. Cook Set

4. Ground Sheet

5. Map and Compass

6. Rope

7. Tent

8. Stove

8 Group Equipments

1. Plan ahead and prepare

2. Travel and camp on durable ground

3. Dispose of waste properly

4. Leave what you find

5. Minimize campfire impacts

6. Respect wildlife

7. Be considerate of other visitors

7 Principles of Leave No Trace

Plan ahead and prepare

• Consider your goals and the goals of the group.

• Gather information, expectation, and getting technical skills, knowledge in first aid and equipment.

• Pick an appropriate journey for your group and allow plenty of time to travel and camp.

• Be prepared to sit tight or turn back if you sense danger or sustain an injury.

Travel and camp on durable grounds

• Sticking to the tracks is best as they are specially made for walking on.

• If there are no tracks, avoid non-durable ground such as soft plants, stream edges, muddy sites, and fragile soil layers

Dispose of waste properly

• “Pack it in pack it out”. Any use of outdoors has a responsibility to clean-up before he or she leaves. Inspect your campsite and rest areas for rubbish or spoiled foods. Pack out all rubbish and kitchen waste including left over food

• Lead by example. Pick up any rubbish you see not just your own.

• Never miss an opportunity to use proper toilet facility and don’t dispose your rubbish on them. If there are no toilets be prepared and know how and where to dig a cat hole or when to carry them.

Leave what you find

• When we leave rocks, shells, plants, feathers, fossils, artefacts and other objects of interest as we find them, we pass the gift of discovery on to those who follow. Leaving what you find should be your first thought when you find something interesting or attractive.

• There may be times and places when it is OK to collect something (for example for a child to collect some seashells or pretty rocks on a beach). But remember, we humans are very good at taking without thinking and there should be places where we show self-control. Mostly it is better to hold back and leave what we find, rather than have a shelf full of lifeless and dusty unvalued souvenirs.

• Particularly, never disturb culturally sensitive sites.

Minimize campfire impacts

• Fires destroy important natural areas. Many of these fires are either carelessly or accidentally set by uninformed campers and travelers. Large uncontrolled wildfires set unintentionally can spread rapidly and result in the critical loss of natural habitat, property and human life. First check whether fires are permitted in the place you are going.

• Along with the destructive nature of fire, the natural appearance of many areas has been compromised by the careless use of campfires and the demand for firewood. Campfires are beautiful by night. But the enormous rings of soot-scarred rocks—overflowing with ashes, partly burned logs, food and rubbish—are unsightly. Surrounding areas have been stripped of their natural beauty as every scrap of dry wood has been torched.

• Leave No Trace educates people on whether a fire is appropriate, and techniques that can be used to minimize the harm they cause.

Respect wildlife

• Encounters with wildlife inspire wonder. If wild animals are changing their behaviour because of our actions, we are too close and interfering with their normal behaviour.

• Never feed wildlife- human food is toxic to many of animals living in the wild.

Be considerate of other visitors

• Today, we must consider the rights of traditional land owners as well as share the wilderness with people of all recreational persuasions. There is simply not enough country for every category of enthusiast to have exclusive use of land, wilderness, trails, bush, lakes, rivers, and campgrounds. Consider others, and what they might be trying to get out of their outdoor experience.

• Respect locals and their property. Pass quietly through farmland and leave the gates as you found them. Share the huts you stay in and welcome others who arrive after you. Leave huts better than you found them.