TBL

How may mechanical power be calculated

Force / Velocity

What results from a net force being delivered directly through the centre of mass of a rigid solid body

Translation

How would you describe the mechanical work performed by the individual in pressing the barbell upwards

Positive work

What are the two phases of the gait cycle

Stance and swing

After obtaining clear footprints during normal self-selected walking gait, the step and stride lengths of a patient are measured.

Where are the step and stride lengths measured from?

Posterior edge of the calcaneal region

The diagram above shows images of an individual walking along a flat horizontal surface, from left to right across the page.

If this suite of images considers parts of the stance phase of the right foot, what part of the stance phase is highlighted by the 5-pointed star?

Heel Strike

A 20 yr old twists their knee playing football and devleops a tense swelling around the joint

What is the likeyly makeup of the swelling

Blood

A patient has bilateral swelling in the small joints of the hand and in both knees.

What is the likely makeup of the swelling?

Exudate

A 35-year-old male presents to the emergency department with pain and swelling in his right knee, which began several hours ago after waking up from a night out. The swelling is associated with severe pain, especially when attempting to move the knee. The patient appears to have difficulty walking.

On examination, the patient has a normal temperature, the knee is swollen and tender, particularly around the medial joint line. There is also restricted range of motion with marked discomfort on deep palpation of the joint.

The patient has a normal urate level and there is no evidence of articular involvement on plain X-rays.

What is the most likely underlying cause of this patient's knee effusion?

Trauma

What is the most sensitive test for infection in synovial fluid

PCR

A patient has synocial fluid aspirated from a hot swollen joint

Presence of monosodium urate crystals

A patient is thought to have septic arthritis

what test would be most likely to determine the correct treatment for the patient

Culture and Sensitivity

Sclerosis

What is the most common symptmom of osteoarthritis

Pain

A 65-year-old female presents with gradual onset of activity-related knee pain, transient morning stiffness, and mild restriction in movement. On X-ray, there is evidence of bony projections along the joint margins.

What is the earliest radiographic sign of osteoarthritis?

Osteophytes

A pateint has a full thickness rupture of the ACL
which grade of injury is this

III

What additional component is found in synovial fluid after injury

RBC

What are the two main roles of synovial fluid

Lubrication and nutrition

In RA what happens to the volume and consistency fo the synovial fluid

It increases in volume and becomes an exudate

Other than the knee, which joints are most commonly affected in osteoarthritis

Hips

What degrades articular cartilage in osteoarthritis

Proteinase

What grade of osteoarthritis leads to complete cartilage loss

IV

What is the primary goal of jiont replacement therapy

Pain relief

Aside from death what os the most serioud risk of total knee replacement surgery

Pulmonary embolism

What is a late complication of joint replacement surgery

Implant failure

Follwoing the WHO pain ladder, which form of pain management woudl be used first line in someone with osteoarthritis

Paracetamol

What is the established cure for osteoarthritis

Joint Replacemnet

What kind of exercise is recommended for patients with osteoarthritis as per the NICE guidelines

Aerobic exercise

A 24-year-old woman is playing netball. She jumps and lands awkwardly, twisting her knee and feels a pop. The knee becomes swollen immediately and she is unable to weight bear.

What is the likely cause of her symptoms?

Ligament injury

What is the most important with regards to determining the diagosis of a ligaemnt injury

History