Chapter 15 and 16 Language and Cognitive Linguistic Disorders in Adults

Whatre the different etiologies or causes of neurological disorders?

head injuries (traumatic brain injury; open vs closed head inquiries), tumors (primary vs secondary), stroke, toxins (substances that cause central or peripheral damage), degenerative or developmental neurological damage (cerebral palsy, parkinson’s disease)

What’re the different etiologies of neurological disorders?

causes vary by age group

young adults (typically brain trauma)

older adults (typically strokes, tumors, and degenerative disorders)

whatre the speech conditions that result from neurological disorders?

dysarthria, apraxia, and dysphagia

What is aphasia?

a communication disorder following damage to language centers of the brain (typically in left hemisphere)

• breakdown in the ability to formulate, retrieve, or decode language

cause: stroke (most often)

What’re three types of strokes?

• Occlusive (partial or complete blockage of a cerebral artery that results in decreased blood supply to the brain, thrombotic (non traveling blood clot; a buildup of plaque that blocks an artery)

• embolic ( a blood clot forms somewhere in the body, breaks off, and is carried to an artery in the brain, blocks the blood supply)

• hemorrhagic (aneurysm - sacklike bulge on the wall of a weakened artery; a weekend arterial wall bursts and flood flows freely into the brain tissue causing increased swelling and pressure on the brain)

What’re the different types of aphasia?

receptive and expressive

fluent and non-fluent

whatre some treatment strategies for people with aphasia

restorative versus compensatory

• remediation/coping with the problem through reorganization techniques

-augmentative and alternative communication

• pragmatic approach that emphasizes augmenting communication and or alternative methods of communication