HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

HUMAN BODY AND ORRIENTATION

Anatomy

Study of Structure

Gross Anatomy

• For large structures

• Easily Observable

Microscopic

• For very small structure

• can be viewed through microscope

Physiology

Study of how the body parts function

Principle of complementary of structure and function

“What structure can do depends on its specific form”

Atoms

Fundamental Particle

Molecule

group of atoms

Cell

smallest independent functioning unit of life

Tissue

Group of similar cells

Organs

composed of different types of tissue

Organ System

Composed of organs that work together

Organismal Level

Sum total of all structural level

Maintaining Life

various process and mechanism

• Maintaining Boundaries

• Movement

• Responsiveness

• Digestion

• Metabolism

• Excretion

• Reproduction

• Growth

Necesarry Life Function

• nutrients

• oxygen

• water

• stable body temp

• Atmospheric pressure

Survival Needs

Homeostasis

Ability to maintain relatively stable internal condition

Receptor

• detect changes

  • send info to the control center

Control Center

• Determine set point

Response

provide the means for response

Negative Feedback

Shut off the original stimulus

positive feedback

• Increase the original stimulus

• Ex. blood clotting, child birth

Body upright, flat feet and parallel, art at side and palm facing forward

Anatomical Position

Right upper quadrant

• large portion of liver

• gall blader

• pancreas

left upper quadrant

• smaller part of liver

• large portion of stomach

Right lower quadrant

appendix

left lower quadrant

sigmoid colon

• hypochondriac

• lumbar

• illiac

• epigastric

• umbilical

  • hypogastric

quadrants