final notes

What bone articulates with the mandible?

The temporal bone at the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).

Which is the only moveable bone in the skull?

The mandible.

What is the function of the glenoid fossa?

It acts as the socket for the mandible, allowing jaw movement.

What are the parts of the ramus?

The vertical part of the mandible, including the coronoid process, condylar process, and the mandibular notch.

What are the features of the alveolar process?

Bone surrounding and supporting the tooth roots, containing sockets for tooth attachment.

Describe the TMJ.

The TMJ connects the mandible to the temporal bone, allowing for jaw movement essential for chewing and speaking.

What is enamel?

The hard outer layer that protects the tooth.

What is dentin?

The softer layer that supports the enamel and carries sensations.

What is the pulp?

The part of the tooth that contains nerves and blood vessels, providing nourishment.

What is cementum?

The tissue covering the root of the tooth, helping anchor it.

How do blood vessels and nerves enter the tooth?

Through the root canal.

What tissues surround and attach the tooth?

The periodontal ligament.

What is the socket called?

The alveolus.

Class I decay refers to what?

Cavities in pits and fissures.

Class II decay refers to what?

Cavities in the proximal surface of posterior teeth.

Class III decay refers to what?

Cavities on the proximal surfaces of anterior teeth.

Class IV decay refers to what?

Cavities on the proximal surface of anterior teeth with incisal edges.

Class V decay refers to what?

Cavities on the gingival third of any tooth.

Class VI decay refers to what?

Cavities on the incisal edge or cusp tips.

What are coarse burs used for?

General tooth reduction, especially on axial and occlusal surfaces.

What are fine finishing burs used for?

Shaping the shoulder margins to ensure smooth edges.

What are the different types of margins?

Knife-edge, bevel-chamfer, chamfer, and shoulder.

What is the purpose of light body material in impressions?

To capture fine details.

What is the purpose of heavy body material in impressions?

To provide support and make the impression more rigid.

Identify impression materials and their applications.

Alginate for preliminary impressions; Polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) for high-detail, stable crowns and bridges.

What are stock trays?

Standard size, disposable impression trays.

What are custom trays?

Trays made for individual patients for better fit.

What are retraction cords used for?

To push gum tissue away, creating space for impressions.

What is the dental stone ratio?

30 ml of water per 100g of powder.

What is the die stone ratio?

22 ml of water per 100g of powder for a denser mix.

What is the application of dental stone?

Creating study models and casts.

What is the application of die stone?

Used for precise, durable models for crowns and bridges.

What is the beading technique?

Adding a thin layer of wax to define impression shape.

What is boxing in dental impressions?

Making a wall of wax to hold the denture material in place.

What is sticky wax used for?

Bonding pieces together during the denture process.

What is baseplate wax used for?

Forming the foundation of a denture.

What is inlay wax used for?

Creating molds for inlay restorations.

What is a PFM?

Porcelain-fused-to-metal crown, a type of dental restoration.

What is a full cast crown?

A dental restoration made entirely of metal.

What is the difference between a solid model and a removable die?

A solid model is a full replica, while a removable die is a detachment from the model for easier work.

What is the purpose of a removable die model?

To work on individual teeth or restorations without removing the entire model.

What is the difference between a prep and a die?

A prep is a shaped tooth for restoration; a die is the replica of that prepared tooth.

What is the difference between direct and indirect restorations?

Direct restorations are made in the mouth; indirect restorations are made outside and bonded later.

Define pathogen.

A microorganism that causes disease.

Define reservoir.

The environment where a pathogen lives.

Define portal of exit.

How a pathogen leaves the host.

Define portal of entry.

How the pathogen enters another host.

Define transmission.

How a pathogen is spread.

What are Universal Precautions based on?

All blood and bodily fluids are potentially infectious.

Define blood-borne pathogens.

Microorganisms in blood that can cause disease.

What is the application of PPE?

Used during patient care to prevent exposure to infectious materials.