Bio Unit 6 Marine Biology

What is the order of marine biomes?

1. epipelagic
2. mesopelagic
3. bathylpelagic
4. abyssalpelagic

What oceanic climate factors are influential in marine biomes?

* temperature
*  pH
* salinity
* pressure
*  sunlight

Which of the following are current areas of research in the department of Marine Biotechnology at UMBC?

* Methanogenic archael biofuel production
*  Microalgal production of lipid biofuel precursors e.g. TAGs (triacylglycerols)
*  Bacterial bioremediation of nitrogenous waste products such as ammonia in aquaculture
*  Bioremediation of PCBs in marine sediments
*  Reproductive endocrinology in aquaculture

are there microalgae and plants in hydrothermal vent ecosystems?

no

_____ organisms are the primary producers in hydrothermal vent ecosystems

chemosynthetic

_____ organisms are the primary producers in epipelagic marine ecosystems 

Photosynthetic

Chemosynthesis reactants and products

Reactants: Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen Sulfide, Oxygen

Products: Sugar, Sulfur, Water

Photosynthesis reactants and products

Reactants: Carbon Dioxide and Water

Products: Glucose and Oxygen

What is the effect on phytoplankton (marine microalgae) of nitrogen & phosphorus compounds from CAFOs and other forms of industrial-scale agriculture that enter marine ecosystems?

runoff that increases photosynthesis

Which kinds of trees have evolved biological adaptations allowing them to grow on marine shorelines?

mangroves

Which biological adaptation has evolved in the giant amphipod that allows this species to survive the crushing pressure at the bottom of the Mariana Trench?

it incorporates aluminum into its exoskeleton

Animals living in marine environments must physiologically and/or behaviorally adjust their salinity levels in a process called ___

osmoregulation

Which of the following are biological adaptations of cetaceans to marine environments?

efficient kidneys and concenrated urine

Simple diffusion causes molecules dissolved in water to move from high to low solute concentrations due to ______

entropy

Active transport by the sodium-potassium ATPase pump causes sodium molecules to move out of cells against their concentration gradients, from low to high sodium concentrations, due to ______

energy from ATP hydrolosis

True or False? The sodium-potassium ATPase pump transports sodium ions across the cell membrane against their electrical gradient

true

True or False? The sodium-potassium ATPase pump transports sodium ions across the cell membrane against their chemical gradient

true

Osmosis is the diffusion of ______ across a semi-permeable membrane

water

Osmosis causes water molecules to move across a semi-permeable membrane from low to high solute concentrations due to ______

entropy

halophilic

salt resistant

whales

aren’t real

hypertonic

area of higher solute concentration

hypotonic

area of lower solute concentration