BIO 110: The Cell - G-Protein Coupled Receptors

These flashcards cover key concepts about G-Protein-Coupled Receptors, their functions, and mechanisms based on the lecture notes.

What are G-Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs)?

GPCRs are the largest family of cell surface receptors, involved in various signaling pathways.

How do G proteins function in signaling pathways?

G proteins act as molecular switches that turn signaling on and off by hydrolyzing GTP to GDP.

What is the main role of second messengers in GPCR signaling?

Second messengers amplify signals produced by GPCRs, enabling fast and sensitive cellular responses.

What cellular responses can result from GPCR activation?

Responses may include survival, division, differentiation, and apoptosis.

Name the three types of cell surface receptors mentioned in the lecture.

Ion-channel-coupled receptors, G-protein-coupled receptors, and enzyme-coupled receptors.

What happens to a mutant G protein that can't hydrolyze GTP?

It may remain perpetually active, preventing normal signaling pathways from functioning.

How does ligand binding affect GPCRs?

Ligand binding triggers coupling with heterotrimeric G-protein complexes.

What is the significance of GPCR signaling pathways being modular?

Different combinations of receptors and G proteins can achieve diverse cellular outcomes.

What are 'fluorescent reporters' used for in studying GPCR signaling?

They indicate whether the signaling pathway is 'on' or 'off'.

What is the feedback mechanism in GPCR signaling?

A signaling molecule or effector protein can influence upstream molecules to regulate the pathway.