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Define accuracy
How close a measurement is to the actual true value of (being correct)
Define precision
How close a series of measurement are to one another (repeatability)
What is a graduated cylinder used for?
Measure volume of liquids (most accurate)
What is a beaker used for?
Hold liquids (volume)
What is a flask used for?
Measure, hold, mix etc. liquids (volume)
What is an electronic balance used for?
Measuring mass
What is a barometer used for?
Measure air pressure
What is a manometer used for?
Measure pressure of fluid or gas
What is a calorimeter used for?
Measure heat of a reaction
What is a thermometer used for?
Measures temperature
What is a hot plate used for?
Heat samples
What is the kinetic energy of a solid?
Least
What is the kinetic energy of a liquid?
Medium
What is the kinetic energy of a gas?
High
What is the potential energy of a solid?
Low
What is the potential energy of a liquid?
Medium
What is the potential energy of a gas?
High
What does entropy refer to?
Disorder
What is the entropy of a solid?
Low
What is the entropy of a liquid?
Medium
What is the entropy of a gas?
High
What is the density of a solid?
High
What is the density of a liquid?
Medium
What is the density of a gas?
Low
What is the compressibility of a solid?
Low
What is the compressibility of a liquid?
Medium
What is the compressibility of a gas?
High
What is the shape of a solid?
Definite
What is the shape of a liquid?
Indefinite
What is the shape of a gas?
Indefinite
What is the volume of a solid?
Definite
What is the volume of a liquid?
Definite
What is the volume of a gas?
Indefinite
What is the formula to convert from Celsius to Kelvin?
°C + 273 = K
Who proposed that electrons are arranged in concentric circular paths?
Bohr
Who discovered that electrons in a given orbit have a fixed energy (quantized)?
Bohr
Which isotope is used for the standard amu?
Carbon-12
Where does the mass number go on the symbol of an element?
Top left
Where does the atomic number go on the symbol of an element?
Bottom left
Where does the charge go on the symbol of an element?
Top right
Where is the proton located in the atom?
Nucleus
Where is the neutron located in the atom?
Nucleus
Where is the electron located in the atom?
Electron cloud
What is the mass of a proton?
1 amu
What is the mass of a neutron?
1 amu
What is the mass of an electron?
0 amu
What is the charge of a proton?
Positive
What is the charge of a neutron?
Neutral
What is the charge of an electron?
Negative
What is an ion?
An atom that has gained/lost one or more electrons
What charge does a cation have?
Positive
What charge does an anion have?
Negative
What is an isotope?
Atoms that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
What does amu stand for?
Atomic Mass Unit
What is the shape of the s-orbital?
Sphere
What is the shape of the p-orbital?
Dumbbell
What is the shape of the d-orbital?
Four-leaf clover; dumbbell with a donut
Describe how a bright line spectrum is made?
Excited state electrons (higher energy) travel to more stable state (lower energy)
What is Hund'd rule?
One electron in each orbital of same energy before that double up
What is Aufbua principle?
Lowest energy first
What is Pauli Exclusion principle?
-Only 2 electrons per orbital
- Must have opposite spins
-No two electrons can have the same 4 quantum numbers
What is the name of Group 1?
Alkali Metals
What is the name of Group 2?
Alkaline Earth Metals
What is the name of Group 17?
Halogens
What is the name of Group 18?
Noble Gases
What charge does Group 1 form?
+1
What charge does Group 2 form?
+2
What charge does Group 17 form?
-1
What charge does Group 18 form?
0
Where are the lanthanides located on the periodic table?
F-block; Elements 57-71
Where are the actinides located on the periodic table?
F-block; Elements 89-103
Which elements are semi-metals?
Elements that have characteristics of metals and non-metals
Where are semi-metals found on the periodic table?
Found on the "staircase" (except Aluminum)
Where are metals found on the periodic table?
Left of staircase + f-block
What are properties of metals?
-Shiny/Luster
-Solid at 25C (expect Hg, which is liquid)
-Lose electrons easily
-Malleable
-Ductile
Where are nonmetals found on the periodic table?
Right of staircase + hydrogen
What are properties of nonmetals?
-Gases/Brittle solids (except for Br, which is liquid at 25C)
-Dull Looking/No Luster
-Poor conductor of heat and or electricity
-Gains/Shares electrons
What is atomic radium?
Size of the atom
What is the table trend for atomic radius?
Top Right-High, Bottom Left-Low
What is the group trend (top to bottom) for atomic radius?
High —> Low
What is the period trend (left to right) for atomic radius?
Low —> High
What is Electronegativity?
Tendency to attract electrons to itself in a bond (sharing e-)
What is the table trend for Electronegativity?
Top Right-High, Bottom Left-Low
What is the group trend (Top to Bottom) for Electronegativity?
High —> Low
What is the period trend (Left to Right) for Electronegativity?
Low —> High
What is ionization energy?
The energy required to remove 1 electron
What is the table trend for ionization energy?
Top Right-High, Bottom Left-Low
What is the group trend (Top to Bottom) for ionization energy?
High —> Low
What is the period trend (Left to Right) for ionization energy?
Low —> High
What is electron affinity?
The energy change when an electron is added
What is the table trend for electron affinity?
Top Right-High, Bottom Left-Low
What is the group trend (Top to Bottom) for electron affinity?
High —> Low
What is the period trend (Left to Right) for electron affinity?
Low —> High
Which elements are diatomic when found in nature?
-Nitrogen
-Oxygen
-Fluorine
-Bromine
-Iodine
-Hydrogen
What type of elements form ionic bonds?
Metal + Nonmetal
What type of elements form covalent bonds?
Nonmetal + Nonmetal
What is a synthesis reaction?
Putting two elements together to form one element
What reaction is represented by the following: A + B —> AB?
Synthesis
What is a decomposition/analysis reaction?
Breaking down a compound into 2+ parts
What reaction is represented by the following: AB —> A + B?
Decomposition
Note
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