skeletal system med term

osteo

bone

myelo

bone marrow, spinal cord

chondro

cartilage

arthro

joint

synov/i

synovial fluid, joint, or membrane

burso

bursa

cranio

skull, cranium

spondylo

vertebra

rachio

spine

vertebro

vertebra, spinal column

costo

rib

sacro

sacrum

coccy, coccygo

coccyx

pelvio

pelvis

ilio

ilium

ankylosing spondylitis

chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints, primarily of the spine

ankylosis

abnormal condition of stiffness

arthritis

inflammation of a joint

chondrosarcoma

malignant tumor of cartilage

curvature of the spine

An exaggerated spinal curve, such as scoliosis, lordosis, or kyphosis

degenerative joint disease

osteoarthritis

fracture

to break (a bone)

open fracture

bone fracture that breaks through the skin

closed or simple fracture

a completely internal break that does not involve a break in the skin

gout

A form of acute arthritis, usually beginning in the knee or foot, caused by deposit of uric acid salts in the joints

herniated disk

Protrusion of the center (nucleus pulposus) of an intervertebral disk into the spinal canal; ruptured or "slipped" disk

kyphosis

excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the back.

lordosis

abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine (sway-back condition)

osteoarthritis

inflammation of the bone and joint

osteogenic sarcoma

malignant tumor originating in bone-producing cells

osteomalacia

softening of the bone

osteomyelitis

inflammation of bone and bone marrow

osteoporosis

A condition in which the body's bones become weak and break easily.

paget disease

Skeletal disease of the elderly characterized by bone thickening and distortion with bowing of long bones; osteitis deformans

pott disease

inflammation of the vertebrae, usually caused by tuberculosis

rheumatoid arthritis

a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked

rheumatoid factor

blood test to detect the presence of rheumatoid factor, a substance present in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

sciatica

inflammation of the sciatic nerve

scoliosis

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

spondylolisthesis

forward slipping of one vertebra over another

spondylolysis

loss of vertebra structure

alkaline phosphatase

enzyme needed in the formation of bone; serum activity of this enzyme is useful in diagnosis

arthrocentesis

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the joint space

arthrodesis

surgical fixation of a joint

arthroplasty

surgical repair of a joint

arthroscopy

visual examination of a joint

diskectomy

excision of an intervertebral disk

orthopedics

Branch of medicine treating disorders of the skeletal system and tissues related to movement

reduction of a fracture

realignment of the broken bone

traction

The process of drawing or pulling, such as traction of the head in the treatment of injuries to the cervical vertebrae

Antiinflammatory Agents

drugs that block the effects of the inflammatory response

bisphosphonate

prevents bone loss in osteoporosis

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

agent that reduces inflammation without the use of steroids

selective estrogen receptor modulator

Drug that acts on estrogen receptors. Raloxifene (Evista) is used to prevent bone loss after menopause. Other SERMs are used to prevent and treat estrogen-sensitive breast cancer

Achrondroplasia

Decreased growth of cartilage in the growth plate of long bones resulting in dwarfism; a genetic disorder

baker cyst

mass formed at the knee joint by distention of a bursa with excess synovial fluid resulting from chronic irritation

bursitis

inflammation of a bursa

carpal tunnel syndrome

compression of the median nerve as it passes between the ligament and the bones and tendons of the wrist

chondroma

benign tumor of cartilage

ewing tumor

a malignant tumor found in bone or soft tissue

exostosis

bony growth (benign) arising from the surface of bone

giant cell tumor

a tumor of the tendon sheath that can be either benign or malignant

hammertoe

condition in which the toe is bent downward at the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint

hallux valgus

an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe (bunion)

heberden nodes

small, hard nodules formed in the cartilage of the distal finger joints in osteoarthritis

hemarthrosis

blood within a joint

Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease

avascular necrosis of the femoral head

multiple myeloma

malignant tumor of bone marrow cells

neurogenic arthropathy

Degenerative joint disease caused by impaired nervous stimulation; most common cause is diabetes mellitus; Charcot arthropathy

Osgood-Schlatter disease

inflammation or irritation of the tibia at its point of attachment with the patellar tendon

osteochondroma

bone and cartilage tumor

osteochrondrosis

disease of a bone's growth center in children; tissue degeneration is followed by recalcification

osteodystrophy

abnormal bone development

osteogenesis imperfecta

inherited condition of deformed and abnormally brittle bones

osteoma

benign tumor of bone

reiter syndrome

Chronic polyarthritis that usually affects young men; occurs after a bacterial infection and is common in those infected with HIV; may also involve the eyes and genitourinary tract

spondylosis

a degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function

subluxation

partial dislocation of a joint

talipes

A deformity of the foot, especially one occurring congenitally; clubfoot

valgus

bent outward

varus

bent inward

von Recklinghausen disease

loss of bone tissue caused by increased parathyroid hormone; bones become decalcified and deformed and fracture easily

allograft

transplantation of healthy tissue from one person to another person; also called homograft

arthroclasia

surgical breaking of an ankylosed joint to provide movement

aspiration

Removal by suction, as removal of fluid from a body cavity; also inhalation, such as accidental inhalation of material into the respiratory tract

autograft

transplantation of healthy tissue from one site to another site in the same individual

chondroitin

A complex polysaccharide found in connective tissue; used as a dietary supplement, usually with glucosamine, for treatment of joint pain

glucosamine

a dietary supplement used in the treatment of joint pain

goniometer

instrument used to measure joint angles

iontophoresis

Introduction into the tissue by means of electric current, using the ions of a given drug; used in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders

laminectomy

excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra

meniscectomy

excision of the meniscus

myelogram

X-ray record of the spinal cord

osteoplasty

surgical repair of bone

prosthesis

artificial body part

ACL

anterior cruciate ligament

AE

above elbow

AK

above knee

ASF

anterior spinal fusion

BE

below the elbow also barium enema