Lab 7 Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

The smaller chambers of the heart are known as the

atria

The larger chambers of the heart are known as the

ventricles

Each atrium is made up of

principal cavity and auricle

Auricle

small appendage, part of the atrium

Where does the right atrium recieve blood from?

Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus

Where does the left atrium recieve blood from?

right and left pulmonary veins

Which two chambers make up most of the heart's mass?

The ventricles

The right ventricle pumps blood to the

pulmonary trunk

The left ventricle pumps blood to the

aorta

Systemic circuit

from aorta to vena cavae

Pulmonary circuit

from pulmonary trunk to pulmonary veins

Oxygen poor blood enters which chamber?

right atrium

Oxygen rich blood from the lungs enters which chamber?

left atrium

What is the epicardium

Thin membrane that covers the heart

Thick, muscular tissue of the heart is called __________.

myocardium

Endocardium is found where?

Lining the inner chambers of the heart

The ____ supply blood to the

myocardium

coronary arteries

Venous blood from the myocardium is collected by a large vein called the ____, which returns blood to the right atria.

coronary sinus

Muscular ridges of the auricles of the atria

Pectinate muscles

Muscular ridges of the ventricles

Trabeculae carnae

Valves are composed of two or three

cusps

The right atrioventricular valve is composed of ____ cusps and is aka ____

3; tricuspid valvle

The left atrioventricular valve is composed of ____ cusps and is aka ____

2; bicuspid valve

Small cords that anchor the cusps to the walls of the ventricle. They ensure that backflow of blood into the atria does not occur.

Chordae tendinae

_____ hold the chordae tendinae in place

Papillary muscles

What is the function of papillary muscles?

Prevent prolapse of valve into atrium

Aorta and pulmonary trunk are seperated from ventricles by the _____ .

semilunar valves

Openings of coronary blood vessels

ostia

First coronary arteries to branch off from the aorta

right and left coronary arteries

The three branches of the aortic arch

Brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery

The braciocephalic artery further divides into the

right subclavian artery and right common carotid artery

What is the aorta called after it passes through the diaphragm?

Abdominal aorta

Arteries that supply blood to most of the abdominal organs

celiac trunk and mesenteric arteries

The vena cava is formed by the combination of these two veins

left and right brachiocephalic veins

The brachiocephalic vein is formed by

merging of subclavian vein from arm and internal jugular vein from brain

Where does the superior vena cava recieve blood from? What kind of blood?

deoxygenated blood from thorax, head, and upper limb

The inferior vena cava draws blood from

The lower limbs and abdomen

Portion of respiratory system that transmits air to and from alveoli

Conduction zone

Three divisions of the pharynx

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharanx

Pathway of conduction zone

nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, larynx, respiratory tree

The entrance to the nasal cavity

External nares

What separates the nasal and oral cavities

hard palate

3 small bony projections on lateral wall of nasal cavity that maximize surface area of mucosa exposed to air

Nasal conchae

air filled chambers surrounded nasal cavity

Paranasal sinuses

Nasopharynx transmits air to the

oropharynx

Food and water share a common pathway in the

oro- and laryngo-pharynx

The ____ serves as a valve to cover the superior opening of the larynx to prevent food and water from entering the lower respiratory passages.

epiglottis

Another name for the thyroid cartilage is ____ .

Adam's apple

Cricoid cartilage does what?

Supports the inferior portion of the larynx.

Which type of cartilage is only found on the anterior and lateral aspects of the larynx?

Thyroid

Where is cricoid cartilage found?

Completely surrounding the larynx

____ are found lying underneath the laryngeal mucosa

vocal ligaments

Folds of mucosal lining called ____ cover the vocal ligaments.

vocal folds

Vocal folds are aka

True vocal cords

Aretynoid cartilage (function)

helps position the true vocal cords

Hole formed between the two vocal folds

glottis

When would it be advantageous to hold the folds of the vocal cords together?

To prevent the passage of air and increase intra-abdominal pressure (i.e. just before coughing)

How many lobes does the right lung have?

3

How many lobes does the left lung have?

2

The outermost covering of the lungs

visceral pleura

The respiratory tree is composed of the

trachea, primary, secondary and tertiary bronchi

The two primary bronchi enter the ____ .

Lungs

The secondary bronchi enter each ____ of the lungs.

Lobe

The lungs sit within the ____ cavities.

pleural

The thoracic wall is lined with

parietal pleura

The ____ covers the outside of the lungs.

visceral pleura

Contains the heart in its pericardial cavity, trachea, primary bronchi, esophagus, and the aorta and its major branches

Mediastinum

Where is the medastinium found?

center of thoracic cavity