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What is an empiric antibiotic?
Covers ALL suspected pathogens based on infection type & specific patient factors
What is a definitive antibiotic?
One that targets SPECIFIC microorganisms
What is an antibiotic used for prophylaxis?
One that prevents infection (normally preoperative)
What is narrow spectrum?
What is extended spectrum?
What is broad spectrum?
What do broad spectrum abx have a risk of?
High risk of C.Diff infection
Define bacteriostatic
Stops growth but does NOT kill bacteria; dependent on immune system
Define Bacteriocidal
Kills the organism (must have 3 log kill w/in 24 hrs); independent of immune system
What are examples of Bacteriostatic abx?
What are examples of Bacteriocidal abx?
What are the possible results of abx combo therapy?
What antimicrobials inhibit cell wall synthesis?
What antimicrobials inhibit nucleic acid synthesis?
What antimicrobials inhibit protein synthesis?
What are the 7 factors to consider when initiating antimicrobial therapy?
What is an example of considering site of infection when choosing abx?
For meningitis, give drug that crosses BBB
What is an example of considering usual causative pathogens when choosing abx?
For CAP, give drug that covers Strep pneumo, etc
What are patient specific factors to consider when choosing abx?
What is time dependent drug dosing?
Bacterial kill rate improves the longer the concentration is above MIC
What is an example of time dependent drug dosing?
Beta lactams which need multiple doses over shorter periods
What is concentration dependent drug dosing?
Bacterial kill rate improves w/ higher concentrations above MIC
What is an example of concentration dependent drug dosing?
Aminoglycosides which need higher concentration peak for greater post abx effect
For what drug is AUC/MIC important?
Vancomycin
Do gram - organisms have a thick or thin cell wall?
Thin
Do gram + organisms have a thick or thin cell wall?
Thick
Do gram + or gram - bacterial have an outer membrane?
Gram -
What do acid-fast bacteria have?
Mycolic acids
What is post antibiotic effect (PAE)?
Continued suppression of the drug when the concentration drops below the MIC