Clostridium Botulinum

toxemia

foodborne botulism is a true ______ caused by BoNTs and is not an infection

toxin

Bacillus botulinus, designated as C. botulinum, is a....

paralytic disease

the toxin causes a ________ and death in vertebrate animals when administered by the intravenous, intramuscular, and oral routes

moderate heat and alkali

how is the toxin inactivated?

salt or acid

C botulinum does not grow and form BoNT in foods containing sufficient...

endospores

C botulinum _______ are highly resistant to heat and certain chemicals

true

t/f

animals can develop immunity to BoNTs by exposure to inactive toxin

antibodies in antitoxins

what can neutralize BoNT when they are present in the circulation, but not after it has entered the nerves in animal models?

110 cases

how many cases associated with botulism are reported each year?

15-25%

how many cases of botulism are foodborne related due to improper home canning?

60-72%

how many cases of botulism involve infant botulism?

double vision, difficulty breathing, respiratory failure

Some common symptoms of botulism are...

fermented fish

C. botulinum type E are the most common found in _________

temperature, pH, aw, worker training

what are some additional federal regulations applied for enhancing food safety when the botulism outbreaks occured?

Gram +, anaerobic, rod-shaped

what is C botulinum nomenclature?

true

t/f

spores can survive for decades in C. botulinum

mammalian and avian species

who are susceptible to botulinum toxins?

complex nutrient requirement

this means to cultivate, it needs rich media

cooked meat media

what kind of media is needed for the isolation of BONT-producing Clostridia?

4.6

what is the pH minimum for C botulinum group I?

10% salt

what is the salt tolerance for C botulinum group I?