Muscles and Joints

what are the 3 types of muscles and where are they found?

smooth- stomach and intestine

cardiac- walls of the heart/heart itself

skeletal- skeleton

what are the 4 types of skeletal muscles ?

parallel, circular, convergent, pinnate

how many muscles make up the muscular system?

650+

what are the 5 major properties of the muscular system?

* excitable/ irritable
* contractible
* extensible
* elasticity
* adaptability

what are the 5 types of movement?

* adduction
* abduction
* flexion
* extension
* rotation

which of the 3 tupes of muscles are involuntary and involuntary?

* cardiac- involuntary
* smooth- involuntary
* skeletal- voluntary

what is a fascia

attach muscles to muscles

what other system is responsible for muscular movement?

nervous system

what are joints?

area where 2 or more bones meet; also called immovable/ fibrous joints

what are fixed joints? What is their other name?

joints where there is no movement; also called immovable/fibrous joints

what are slightly movable joints? What is their other name?

joints that allow a small amount of movement; also called cartilaginous joints

What are freely movable joints? What is their other name?

joints that allow a wide range of movements; also called synovial joints

How many types of freely movable joints are there?

6

Example of ball and socket joints

hips and shoulders

example of hinge joints

elbow and knee

example of pivot joint

neck where axial/ axis meet

example of condyloid joint

wrist

example of cartilaginous joints

spine, and between ribs/sternum

example of fixed joint

skull

ligaments

linked bones together and limits the range of movement of a joint

cartilage

protects bones and prevents them from wearing each other down.

flexion

movement which bends, decreasing the angle at the joint between the bones

extension

movement which strengthens, increasing the angle between the bones

abduction

sideways movement of bone or limb away from the center line of the body

adduction

sideways movement of bone or limb towards the center line of the body

circumdation

movement where the end of the bone makes a circle

rotation

turning movement around an imaginary line or central axis

fascicle

group of skeletal muscle fibers

myofibril

bundles of very fine cytoskeleton filaments that extend lengthwise along skeletal muscle fiber

sacromere

a segment of the myofibril between 2 sucessice Z lines

Z line

within the myofibril where the thing filaments unite and form a netlike disk

actin

contractile protein found in thin filaments

myosin

contractile protein found in thick filaments of skeletal muscle

perimysium

tough connective tissue surrounding fascicles

sarcolemma

plasma membrane of a striated muscle fiber

epimysium

connective tissue that covers the whole muscle

endomysium

connective tissue that covers the muscle fibers

origin

o point of attachment that doesn’t move

how are muscles are named

location, function, and shape

what are the muscle functions

movement, heat, production, and posture

main muscles of the back

trapezius

main muscles of the chest

pectoralis major

main muscles of the shoulders/arm

branch ii, bicep branch ii, triceps branch ii

main muscles of the pelvic/legs

gluteus maximus, and gluteus medius